JavaScript DHTML/Development/Math — различия между версиями

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Версия 10:02, 26 мая 2010

Calculate with Math.PI

  
<html>
<head>
<title>A Simple Page</title>
<script language="JavaScript">
var inpRadius;
inpRadius = 12;
alert(Math.PI * ((inpRadius)*(inpRadius)));
</script>
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>



Counting Rabbits (Calculating the Fibonacci Series Using a Recursive Function)

  
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<SCRIPT> 
    function Fibonacci (inNum) { 
       if (inNum == 0) 
          var FibonacciNum = 0; 
       else { 
           if (inNum == 1) 
              FibonacciNum = 1; 
           else  { 
                // recursive function call 
                FibonacciNum = Fibonacci(inNum - 2) + Fibonacci(inNum - 1); 
             } 
           } 
        return FibonacciNum; 
    } 
    function writeFibonaccis(topFibonacci) { 
       for (var i=0;  i <= topFibonacci ; i++) { 
          document.write ("Fibonacci(" + i + ") = " + Fibonacci(i) + " <br>"); 
       } 
   } 
</SCRIPT>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<FORM Name="theForm">
<TABLE cellspacing=5>
<TR>
<TD>
<INPUT Type=Text Name="numFibonaccis">
<TD>
<INPUT Type=Button Value="Show Fibonaccis" onClick="writeFibonaccis(numFibonaccis.value);">
</TR>
</TABLE>
</FORM>
</BODY>
</HTML>



Demo all math methods

  
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
<!--
 * +-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
 * | jsPro - Math Test Page                                                  |
 * +-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
 * | Copyright (C) 2001-2003 Stuart Wigley                                   |
 * +-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
 * | This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it |
 * | under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by|
 * | the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or (at |
 * | your option) any later version.                                         |
 * |                                                                         |
 * | This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but     |
 * | WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of              |
 * | MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Lesser |
 * | General Public License for more details.                                |
 * |                                                                         |
 * | You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License|
 * | along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, |
 * | Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA             |
 * +-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
 * | Authors:   Stuart Wigley <stuartwigley@yahoo.co.uk>                     |
 * +-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
 * $Id: math.html,v 1.9 2003/09/24 13:10:23 wigleys Exp $
-->
<html>
    <head>
        <title>jsPro - Math</title>
        <!-- error.js -->
        <script type="text/javascript">
/**
 * +-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
 * | jsPro - Error                                                           |
 * +-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
 * | Copyright (C) 2001-2003 Stuart Wigley                                   |
 * +-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
 * | This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it |
 * | under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by|
 * | the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or (at |
 * | your option) any later version.                                         |
 * |                                                                         |
 * | This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but     |
 * | WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of              |
 * | MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Lesser |
 * | General Public License for more details.                                |
 * |                                                                         |
 * | You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License|
 * | along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, |
 * | Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA             |
 * +-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
 * | Authors:   Stuart Wigley <stuartwigley@yahoo.co.uk>                     |
 * |            Randolph Fielding <gator4life@cinci.rr.ru>                  |
 * +-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
 * $Id: error.js,v 1.15 2003/09/22 04:41:10 gator4life Exp $
 */

/**
 * Property used in <code>Error.handleError</code> to specify how errors are
 * reported. Permissable values are:
 *
 * 0    No errors are reported.
 * 1    Report the error name and error message using the status bar of the
 *      active browser window.
 * 2    Report the error name and error message using an alert box.
 * 3    Report the error name, error message and debug message using an alert
 *      box.
 * 4    Report the error name, error message and debug message using a debug
 *      window. An instance of the Debug() class must be available.
 */
Error.prototype.debugLevel = 4;

/**
 * Uses <code>Error.debugLevel</code> to control how errors are reported. If
 * <code>Error.debugLevel</code> is set to 4, you must substitute the name of
 * your <code>Debug()</code> instance for <code>oDebug</code> in the line
 * <code>var jsProDebugWindow = oDebug</code>.
 *
 * @summary             handles thrown exceptions
 * @author              Stuart Wigley
 * @author              Randolph Fielding
 * @version             1.2, 09/03/03
 * @interface           <code>Error.handleError()</code>
 * @requires            <code>Debug.print(vMixedValue, sMessageType)</code>
 * @see                 <code>Debug()</code>
 * @see                 <code>Debug.print()</code>
 */
Error.prototype.handleError = function() {
    var sDebugMessage = this.debug;
    var sErrorMessage = (sDebugMessage) ? sDebugMessage : "";
    switch (this.debugLevel) {
        case 0 :
            break;
        case 1 :
            window.status = this.name + ": " + this.message;
            break;
        case 2 :
            window.alert(this.name + "\n\n" + this.message);
            break;
        case 3 :
            window.alert(this.name + "\n\n" + this.message + "\n\n" + sErrorMessage);
            break;
        case 4 :
            var jsProDebugWindow = oDebug;
            if (jsProDebugWindow) {
                var oDebugWindow = jsProDebugWindow.debugWindow;
                if (oDebugWindow && !oDebugWindow.closed) {
                    jsProDebugWindow.print(this.name + " " + this.message + " " + sErrorMessage, 1);
                }
            }
    }
}

/**
 * Creates an object that is a subclass of Error for handling
 * ArrayIndexOutOfBounds exceptions.
 *
 * @author              Stuart Wigley
 * @author              Randolph Fielding
 * @version             1.1, 06/27/03
 * @interface           <code>new ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException(sMethodName,
 *                      iIndex, iArrayLength)</code>
 * @param sMethodName   the name of the method where the exception was thrown
 * @param iIndex        the index of a hypothetical array member attempting to
 *                      be accessed
 * @param iArrayLength  the length of the array
 */
function ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException(sMethodName, iIndex, iArrayLength) {
    this.name = "ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException";
    this.message = sMethodName + " has been accessed with an illegal index that is either negative or greater than the size of the array.";
    this.debug = "Attempting to access index " + iIndex.toString() + ", but array has an index range of 0 to " + (iArrayLength - 1).toString() + ".";
}
ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException.prototype = new Error();

/**
 * Creates an object that is a subclass of Error for handling IllegalArgument
 * exceptions.
 *
 * @author              Stuart Wigley
 * @author              Randolph Fielding
 * @version             1.2, 07/24/03
 * @interface           <code>new IllegalArgumentException(sMethodName,
 *                      vExpectedArgs, iActualArgs)</code>
 * @param sMethodName   the name of the method where the exception was thrown
 * @param vExpectedArgs the number of arguments expected
 * @param iActualArgs   the number of arguments received
 */
function IllegalArgumentException(sMethodName, vExpectedArgs, iActualArgs) {
    this.name = "IllegalArgumentException";
    this.message = sMethodName + " has been passed an illegal number of arguments.";
    this.debug = "Expected " + vExpectedArgs.toString() + " argument(s), but received " + iActualArgs.toString() + " argument(s).";
}
IllegalArgumentException.prototype = new Error();

/**
 * Creates an object that is a subclass of Error for handling IllegalValue
 * exceptions.
 *
 * @author              Randolph Fielding
 * @version             1.0, 09/22/03
 * @interface           <code>new IllegalValueException(sMethodName,
 *                      sVariableName, vExpectedVal, vActualVal)</code>
 * @param sMethodName   the name of the method where the exception was thrown
 * @param sVariableName the name of the variable containing the illegal value
 * @param vExpectedVal  the value expected in the variable containing the
 *                      illegal value
 * @param vActualVal    the value currently in the variable containing the
 *                      illegal value
 */
function IllegalValueException(sMethodName, sVariableName, vExpectedVal, vActualVal) {
    this.name = "IllegalValueException";
    this.message = sMethodName + " has encountered an illegal value in variable " + sVariableName + "."
    this.debug = "Expected a value of " + vExpectedVal.toString() + ", but contains a value of " + vActualVal.toString() + "."
}
IllegalValueException.prototype = new Error();

/**
 * Creates an object that is a subclass of Error for handling
 * MethodNotAvailable exceptions.
 *
 * @author              Stuart Wigley
 * @author              Randolph Fielding
 * @version             1.1, 06/27/03
 * @interface           <code>new MethodNotAvailableException(sMethodName,
 *                      sMethodNameNA)</code>
 * @param sMethodName   the name of the method where the exception was thrown
 * @param sMethodNameNA the name of the method that was not available
 */
function MethodNotAvailableException(sMethodName, sMethodNameNA) {
    this.name = "MethodNotAvailableException";
    this.message = "A method has been called that is not available.";
    this.debug = sMethodName + " attempted to call " + sMethodNameNA + ".";
}
MethodNotAvailableException.prototype = new Error();

/**
 * Creates an object that is a subclass of Error for handling
 * PropertyNotAvailable exceptions.
 *
 * @author              Randolph Fielding
 * @version             1.1, 08/01/03
 * @interface           <code>new PropertyNotAvailableException(sMethodName,
 *                      sPropNameNA)</code>
 * @param sMethodName   the name of the method where the exception was thrown
 * @param sPropNameNA   the name of the property that was not available
 */
function PropertyNotAvailableException(sMethodName, sPropNameNA) {
    this.name = "PropertyNotAvailableException";
    this.message = "A property has been accessed that is not available.";
    this.debug = sMethodName + " attempted to access " + sPropNameNA + ".";
}
PropertyNotAvailableException.prototype = new Error();

/**
 * Creates an object that is a subclass of Error for handling TypeMismatch
 * exceptions.
 *
 * @author              Stuart Wigley
 * @author              Randolph Fielding
 * @version             1.2, 07/24/03
 * @interface           <code>new TypeMismatchException(sMethodName,
 *                      sExpectedType, sActualType)</code>
 * @param sMethodName   the name of the method where the exception was thrown
 * @param sExpectedType the name of the expected type of an argument
 * @param sActualType   the name of the actual type of an argument
 */
function TypeMismatchException(sMethodName, sExpectedType, sActualType) {
    this.name = "TypeMismatchException";
    this.message = sMethodName + " has been passed an argument with an illegal or inappropriate type.";
    this.debug = "Expected an argument with a type of " + sExpectedType + ", but received an argument with a type of " + sActualType + ".";
}
TypeMismatchException.prototype = new Error();

/**
 * Creates an object that is a subclass of Error for handling Unknown
 * exceptions.
 *
 * @author              Stuart Wigley
 * @author              Randolph Fielding
 * @version             1.1, 06/27/03
 * @interface           <code>new UnknownException(sMethodName)</code>
 * @param sMethodName   the name of the method where the exception was thrown
 */
function UnknownException(sMethodName) {
    this.name = "UnknownException";
    this.message = "An unknown error has occurred in " + sMethodName + ".";
}
UnknownException.prototype = new Error();
        </script>
        <!-- debug.js -->
        <script type="text/javascript">
/**
 * +-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
 * | jsPro - Debug                                                           |
 * +-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
 * | Copyright (C) 2001-2003 Stuart Wigley                                   |
 * +-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
 * | This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it |
 * | under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by|
 * | the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or (at |
 * | your option) any later version.                                         |
 * |                                                                         |
 * | This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but     |
 * | WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of              |
 * | MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Lesser |
 * | General Public License for more details.                                |
 * |                                                                         |
 * | You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License|
 * | along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, |
 * | Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA             |
 * +-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
 * | Authors:   Stuart Wigley <stuartwigley@yahoo.co.uk>                     |
 * |            Randolph Fielding <gator4life@cinci.rr.ru>                  |
 * +-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
 * $Id: debug.js,v 1.6 2003/09/22 05:07:41 gator4life Exp $
 */

/**
 * Creates an object that opens a window for debugging.
 *
 * @author              Stuart Wigley
 * @author              Randolph Fielding
 * @version             1.1, 09/05/03
 * @interface           <code>new Debug()</code>
 */
function Debug() {
    this.debugWindow = window.open("../debug/debug.html", "debug", "width=400,height=600,resizable=yes,scrollbars=yes");
}

/**
 * Clears the contents of the debug window.
 *
 * @author              Stuart Wigley
 * @author              Randolph Fielding
 * @version             1.1, 09/05/03
 * @interface           <code>Debug.clear()</code>
 * @return              <code>true</code> if no exceptions are encountered
 * @return              <code>null</code> if an exception is encountered
 * @throws              IllegalArgumentException
 * @throws              UnknownException
 */
Debug.prototype.clear = function() {
    try {
        var vError = null;
        var iNumArguments = arguments.length;
        if (iNumArguments != 0) {
            throw vError = new IllegalArgumentException("Debug.clear", 0, iNumArguments);
        }
        var oMessageContainer = document.getElementById("messageContainer");
        if (!oMessageContainer) {
            throw vError = new UnknownException("Debug.clear");
        }
        while (oMessageContainer.hasChildNodes()) {
            oMessageContainer.removeChild(oMessageContainer.firstChild);
        }
    }
    catch (vError) {
        if (vError instanceof Error) {
            vError.handleError();
        }
    }
    finally {
        return vError ? null : true;
    }
}

/**
 * Displays content within the debug window.
 *
 * @author              Stuart Wigley
 * @author              Randolph Fielding
 * @version             1.2, 09/05/03
 * @interface           <code>Debug.print(vMixedValue)</code>
 * @interface           <code>Debug.print(vMixedValue, iMessageType)</code>
 * @param vMixedValue   content to be displayed within the debug window
 * @param iMessageType  an integer representing the type of content to display
 *                      within the debug window (information: 0; error: 1)
 *                      (optional)
 * @return              <code>true</code> if no exceptions are encountered
 * @return              <code>null</code> if an exception is encountered
 * @throws              IllegalArgumentException
 * @throws              IllegalValueException
 * @throws              TypeMismatchException
 * @throws              UnknownException
 */
Debug.prototype.print = function(vMixedValue) {
    try {
        var vError = null;
        var iNumArguments = arguments.length;
        var iMessageType = 0;
        if ((iNumArguments < 1) || (iNumArguments > 2)) {
            throw vError = new IllegalArgumentException("Debug.print", "1 or 2", iNumArguments);
        } else if (iNumArguments == 2) {
            iMessageType = arguments[1];
        }
        if ((typeof iMessageType != "number") || (iMessageType.toString().indexOf(".") != -1)) {
            throw vError = new TypeMismatchException("Debug.print", "integer", typeof iMessageType);
        }
        if ((iMessageType != 0) && (iMessageType != 1)) {
            throw vError = new IllegalValueException("Debug.print", "iMessageType", "0 or 1", iMessageType);
        }
        var oDebugWindow = this.debugWindow;
        if (!oDebugWindow || oDebugWindow.closed) {
            throw vError = new UnknownException("Debug.print");
        }
        var oDocument = oDebugWindow.document;
        if (!oDocument) {
            throw vError = new UnknownException("Debug.print");
        }
        var oMessageContainer = oDocument.getElementById("messageContainer");
        if (!oMessageContainer) {
            throw vError = new UnknownException("Debug.print");
        }
        var oTitleRow = oDocument.createElement("tr");
        var oTitleCell = oDocument.createElement("td");
        var oBodyRow = oDocument.createElement("tr");
        var oBodyCell = oDocument.createElement("td");
        if (!oTitleRow || !oTitleCell || !oBodyRow || !oBodyCell) {
            throw vError = new UnknownException("Debug.print");
        }
        var oTitleRowStyle = oTitleRow.style;
        if (oTitleRowStyle) {
            oTitleRowStyle.backgroundColor = "#EEE";
            oTitleRowStyle.fontWeight = 700;
        }
        var sOutputString = vMixedValue.toString();
        var sTitle = "info";
        var sBody = sOutputString;
        if (iMessageType == 1) {
            sTitle = sOutputString.match(/\w+/);
            sBody = sOutputString.replace(/\w+/, "");
            var oBodyCellStyle = oBodyCell.style;
            if (oBodyCellStyle) {
                oBodyCell.style.backgroundColor = "#FCC";
            }
        }
        oMessageContainer.appendChild(oTitleRow);
        oTitleRow.appendChild(oTitleCell);
        oTitleCell.appendChild(oDocument.createTextNode(sTitle));
        oMessageContainer.appendChild(oBodyRow);
        oBodyRow.appendChild(oBodyCell);
        oBodyCell.appendChild(oDocument.createTextNode(sBody));
        oDebugWindow.focus();
    }
    catch (vError) {
        if (vError instanceof Error) {
            vError.handleError();
        }
    }
    finally {
        return vError ? null : true;
    }
}
        </script>
        <!-- test.js -->
        <script type="text/javascript">
/**
 * +-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
 * | jsPro - Test                                                            |
 * +-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
 * | Copyright (C) 2001-2003 Stuart Wigley                                   |
 * +-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
 * | This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it |
 * | under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by|
 * | the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or (at |
 * | your option) any later version.                                         |
 * |                                                                         |
 * | This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but     |
 * | WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of              |
 * | MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Lesser |
 * | General Public License for more details.                                |
 * |                                                                         |
 * | You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License|
 * | along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, |
 * | Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA             |
 * +-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
 * | Authors:   Stuart Wigley <stuartwigley@yahoo.co.uk>                     |
 * |            Randolph Fielding <gator4life@cinci.rr.ru>                  |
 * +-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
 * $Id: test.js,v 1.6 2003/09/15 05:07:09 gator4life Exp $
 */

/**
 * Creates an object that provides methods for testing all jsPro libraries.
 *
 * @author              Stuart Wigley
 * @version             1.0, 07/24/03
 * @interface           <code>new Test()</code>
 */
function Test() { }

/**
 * Evaluates and returns the result of a jsPro method using assumptions about
 * the structure and ids of HTML elements in the jsPro HTML test files.
 *
 * @author              Stuart Wigley
 * @author              Randolph Fielding
 * @version             1.1, 08/20/03
 * @interface           <code>Test.evaluateMethod(oButton, sClass)</code>
 * @param oButton       the HTML input-button element that is clicked
 * @param sClass        the name of the jsPro class instance being tested
 * @return              the result of attempting to evaluate a jsPro method
 * @return              <code>null</code> if an exception is encountered
 * @throws              IllegalArgumentException
 * @throws              TypeMismatchException
 */
Test.prototype.evaluateMethod = function(oButton, sClass) {
    try {
        var vError = null;
        var iNumArguments = arguments.length;
        if (iNumArguments != 2) {
            throw vError = new IllegalArgumentException("Error.evaluateMethod", 2, iNumArguments);
        }
        if (typeof oButton != "object") {
            throw vError = new TypeMismatchException("Error.evaluateMethod", "object", typeof oButton);
        }
        if (typeof sClass != "string") {
            throw vError = new TypeMismatchException("Error.evaluateMethod", "string", typeof sClass);
        }
        var sMethodName = oButton.id;
        var oInput1 = document.getElementById(sMethodName + "1");
        var oInput2 = document.getElementById(sMethodName + "2");
        var oInput3 = document.getElementById(sMethodName + "3");
        var oOutput = document.getElementById(sMethodName + "Result");
        var sArguments = "";
        if (oInput1) {
            var sInput1Value = oInput1.value;
            if (sInput1Value != "") {
                var fInput1Value = parseFloat(sInput1Value);
                sArguments += (isNaN(fInput1Value)) ? "\"" + sInput1Value + "\"" : fInput1Value;
            }
        }
        if (oInput2) {
            var sInput2Value = oInput2.value;
            if (sInput2Value != "") {
                var fInput2Value = parseFloat(sInput2Value);
                sArguments += (isNaN(fInput2Value)) ? ", \"" + sInput2Value + "\"" : ", " + fInput2Value;
            }
        }
        if (oInput3) {
            var sInput3Value = oInput3.value;
            if (sInput3Value != "") {
                var fInput3Value = parseFloat(sInput3Value);
                sArguments += (isNaN(fInput3Value)) ? ", \"" + sInput3Value + "\"" : ", " + fInput3Value;
            }
        }
        var vResult = eval(sClass + "." + sMethodName + "(" + sArguments + ")");
    }
    catch (vError) {
        if (vError instanceof Error) {
            vError.handleError();
        }
    }
    finally {
        if (oOutput) {
            oOutput.value = vResult;
        }
    }
}
        </script>
        
        <!-- math.js -->
        <script type="text/javascript">
/**
 * +-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
 * | jsPro - Math                                                            |
 * +-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
 * | Copyright (C) 2001-2003 Stuart Wigley                                   |
 * +-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
 * | This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it |
 * | under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by|
 * | the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or (at |
 * | your option) any later version.                                         |
 * |                                                                         |
 * | This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but     |
 * | WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of              |
 * | MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Lesser |
 * | General Public License for more details.                                |
 * |                                                                         |
 * | You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License|
 * | along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, |
 * | Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA             |
 * +-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
 * | Authors:   Stuart Wigley <stuartwigley@yahoo.co.uk>                     |
 * |            Randolph Fielding <gator4life@cinci.rr.ru>                  |
 * +-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
 * $Id: math.js,v 1.24 2003/09/24 13:10:23 wigleys Exp $
 */

/**
 * Calculates and returns the inverse hyperbolic cosine of a number in 2D
 * Cartesian space.
 *
 * @summary             inverse hyperbolic cosine
 * @author              Stuart Wigley
 * @author              Randolph Fielding
 * @version             1.2, 08/08/03
 * @interface           <code>Math.acosh(fX)</code>
 * @param fX            a floating-point number greater than or equal to 1
 * @return              the inverse hyperbolic cosine of <code>fX</code>
 * @return              <code>NaN</code> if <code>fX < 1</code>
 * @return              <code>null</code> if an exception is encountered
 * @throws              IllegalArgumentException
 * @throws              TypeMismatchException
 */
Math.acosh = function(fX) {
    try {
        var vError = null;
        var iNumArguments = arguments.length;
        if (iNumArguments != 1) {
            throw vError = new IllegalArgumentException("Math.acosh", 1, iNumArguments);
        }
        if (typeof fX != "number") {
            throw vError = new TypeMismatchException("Math.acosh", "number", typeof fX);
        }
        var fInvHypCosine = Math.log(fX + Math.sqrt(Math.pow(fX, 2) - 1));
    }
    catch (vError) {
        if (vError instanceof Error) {
            vError.handleError();
        }
    }
    finally {
        return vError ? null : fInvHypCosine;
    }
}

/**
 * Calculates and returns the inverse cotangent of a number in 2D Cartesian
 * space.
 *
 * @summary             inverse cotangent
 * @author              Stuart Wigley
 * @author              Randolph Fielding
 * @version             1.2, 08/08/03
 * @interface           <code>Math.acot(fX)</code>
 * @param fX            a floating-point number
 * @return              the inverse cotangent of <code>fX</code> in radians
 * @return              <code>null</code> if an exception is encountered
 * @throws              IllegalArgumentException
 * @throws              TypeMismatchException
 */
Math.acot = function(fX) {
    try {
        var vError = null;
        var iNumArguments = arguments.length;
        if (iNumArguments != 1) {
            throw vError = new IllegalArgumentException("Math.acot", 1, iNumArguments);
        }
        if (typeof fX != "number") {
            throw vError = new TypeMismatchException("Math.acot", "number", typeof fX);
        }
        var fInvCotangent = Math.atan(1 / fX);
    }
    catch (vError) {
        if (vError instanceof Error) {
            vError.handleError();
        }
    }
    finally {
        return vError ? null : fInvCotangent;
    }
}

/**
 * Calculates and returns the inverse hyperbolic cotangent of a number in 2D
 * Cartesian space.
 *
 * @summary             inverse hyperbolic cotangent
 * @author              Stuart Wigley
 * @author              Randolph Fielding
 * @version             1.2, 08/08/03
 * @interface           <code>Math.acoth(fX)</code>
 * @param fX            a floating-point number less than or equal to -1 or
 *                      greater than or equal to 1
 * @return              the inverse hyperbolic cotangent of <code>fX</code>
 * @return              <code>NaN</code> if <code>-1 < fX < 1</code>
 * @return              <code>null</code> if an exception is encountered
 * @throws              IllegalArgumentException
 * @throws              TypeMismatchException
 */
Math.acoth = function(fX) {
    try {
        var vError = null;
        var iNumArguments = arguments.length;
        if (iNumArguments != 1) {
            throw vError = new IllegalArgumentException("Math.acoth", 1, iNumArguments);
        }
        if (typeof fX != "number") {
            throw vError = new TypeMismatchException("Math.acoth", "number", typeof fX);
        }
        var fInvHypCotangent = Math.log((fX + 1) / (fX - 1)) / 2;
    }
    catch (vError) {
        if (vError instanceof Error) {
            vError.handleError();
        }
    }
    finally {
        return vError ? null : fInvHypCotangent;
    }
}

/**
 * Calculates and returns the inverse cosecant of a number in 2D Cartesian
 * space.
 *
 * @summary             inverse cosecant
 * @author              Stuart Wigley
 * @author              Randolph Fielding
 * @version             1.2, 08/08/03
 * @interface           <code>Math.acsc(fX)</code>
 * @param fX            a floating-point number less than or equal to -1 or
 *                      greater than or equal to 1
 * @return              the inverse cosecant of <code>fX</code> in radians
 * @return              <code>NaN</code> if <code>-1 < fX < 1</code>
 * @return              <code>null</code> if an exception is encountered
 * @throws              IllegalArgumentException
 * @throws              TypeMismatchException
 */
Math.acsc = function(fX) {
    try {
        var vError = null;
        var iNumArguments = arguments.length;
        if (iNumArguments != 1) {
            throw vError = new IllegalArgumentException("Math.acsc", 1, iNumArguments);
        }
        if (typeof fX != "number") {
            throw vError = new TypeMismatchException("Math.acsc", "number", typeof fX);
        }
        var fInvCosecant = Math.asin(1 / fX);
    }
    catch (vError) {
        if (vError instanceof Error) {
            vError.handleError();
        }
    }
    finally {
        return vError ? null : fInvCosecant;
    }
}

/**
 * Calculates and returns the inverse hyperbolic cosecant of a number in 2D
 * Cartesian space.
 *
 * @summary             inverse hyperbolic cosecant
 * @author              Stuart Wigley
 * @author              Randolph Fielding
 * @version             1.2, 08/08/03
 * @interface           <code>Math.acsch(fX)</code>
 * @param fX            a floating-point number
 * @return              the inverse hyperbolic cosecant of <code>fX</code>
 * @return              <code>null</code> if an exception is encountered
 * @throws              IllegalArgumentException
 * @throws              TypeMismatchException
 */
Math.acsch = function(fX) {
    try {
        var vError = null;
        var iNumArguments = arguments.length;
        if (iNumArguments != 1) {
            throw vError = new IllegalArgumentException("Math.acsch", 1, iNumArguments);
        }
        if (typeof fX != "number") {
            throw vError = new TypeMismatchException("Math.acsch", "number", typeof fX);
        }
        var fInvHypCosecant = Math.log(Math.sqrt((1 / Math.pow(fX, 2)) + 1) + (1 / fX));
    }
    catch (vError) {
        if (vError instanceof Error) {
            vError.handleError();
        }
    }
    finally {
        return vError ? null : fInvHypCosecant;
    }
}

/**
 * Calculates if two numbers are approximately equal. Approximation defaults
 * to +/- 0.01 but can be optionally set using the <code>fEpsilon</code>
 * argument
 *
 * @summary             approximately equal
 * @author              Stuart Wigley
 * @version             1.0, 09/24/03
 * @interface           <code>Math.approx(fX, fY)</code>
 * @interface           <code>Math.approx(fX, fY, fEpsilon)</code>
 * @param fX            a floating-point number
 * @param fY            a floating-point number
 * @param fEpsilon      accuracy of approximation (optional)
 * @return              true if <code>fX</code> and <code>fY</code> are
 *                      approximately equal; false otherwise
 * @return              <code>null</code> if an exception is encountered
 * @throws              IllegalArgumentException
 * @throws              TypeMismatchException
 */
Math.approx = function() {
    try {
        var vError = null;
        var iNumArguments = arguments.length;
        var fX, fY;
        var fEpsilon = 0.01;
        if (iNumArguments == 2) {
            fX = arguments[0];
            fY = arguments[1];
        } else if (iNumArguments == 3) {
            fX = arguments[0];
            fY = arguments[1];
            fEpsilon = arguments[2];
        } else {
            throw vError = new IllegalArgumentException("Math.approx", "2 or 3", iNumArguments);
        }
        if (typeof fX != "number") {
            throw vError = new TypeMismatchException("Math.approx", "number", typeof fX);
        }
        if (typeof fY != "number") {
            throw vError = new TypeMismatchException("Math.approx", "number", typeof fY);
        }
        if (typeof fEpsilon != "number") {
            throw vError = new TypeMismatchException("Math.approx", "number", typeof fEpsilon);
        }
        var bApprox = (Math.abs(fX - fY) < fEpsilon) ? true : false;
    }
    catch (vError) {
        if (vError instanceof Error) {
            vError.handleError();
        }
    }
    finally {
        return vError ? null : bApprox;
    }
}

/**
 * Calculates the polar angle (argument) of a pair of rectangular coordinates.
 *
 * @summary             polar angle (argument)
 * @author              Stuart Wigley
 * @version             1.0, 09/24/03
 * @interface           <code>Math.arg(fX, fY)</code>
 * @requires            <code>math.sign()</code>
 * @param fX            a floating-point number
 * @param fY            a floating-point number
 * @return              the polar angle (argument)
 * @return              <code>null</code> if an exception is encountered
 * @throws              IllegalArgumentException
 * @throws              TypeMismatchException
 * @throws              MethodNotAvailableException
 * @see                 <code>math.sign()</code>
 */
Math.arg = function(fX, fY) {
    try {
        var vError = null;
        var iNumArguments = arguments.length;
        if (!("sign" in this)) {
            throw vError = new MethodNotAvailableException("Math.arg", "Math.sign");
        }
        if (iNumArguments != 2) {
            throw vError = new IllegalArgumentException("Math.arg", 2, iNumArguments);
        }
        if (typeof fX != "number") {
            throw vError = new TypeMismatchException("Math.arg", "number", typeof fX);
        }
        if (typeof fY != "number") {
            throw vError = new TypeMismatchException("Math.arg", "number", typeof fY);
        }
        var fArgument = Math.atan2(fY, fX) + (Math.PI / 2) * Math.sign(fY) * (1 - Math.sign(fX));
    }
    catch (vError) {
        if (vError instanceof Error) {
            vError.handleError();
        }
    }
    finally {
        return vError ? null : fArgument;
    }
}

/**
 * Calculates and returns the inverse secant of a number in 2D Cartesian
 * space.
 *
 * @summary             inverse secant
 * @author              Stuart Wigley
 * @author              Randolph Fielding
 * @version             1.2, 08/08/03
 * @interface           <code>Math.asec(fX)</code>
 * @param fX            a floating-point number less than or equal to -1 or
 *                      greater than or equal to 1
 * @return              the inverse secant of <code>fX</code> in radians
 * @return              <code>NaN</code> if <code>-1 < fX < 1</code>
 * @return              <code>null</code> if an exception is encountered
 * @throws              IllegalArgumentException
 * @throws              TypeMismatchException
 */
Math.asec = function(fX) {
    try {
        var vError = null;
        var iNumArguments = arguments.length;
        if (iNumArguments != 1) {
            throw vError = new IllegalArgumentException("Math.asec", 1, iNumArguments);
        }
        if (typeof fX != "number") {
            throw vError = new TypeMismatchException("Math.asec", "number", typeof fX);
        }
        var fInvSecant = Math.acos(1 / fX);
    }
    catch (vError) {
        if (vError instanceof Error) {
            vError.handleError();
        }
    }
    finally {
        return vError ? null : fInvSecant;
    }
}

/**
 * Calculates and returns the inverse hyperbolic secant of a number in 2D
 * Cartesian space.
 *
 * @summary             inverse hyperbolic secant
 * @author              Stuart Wigley
 * @author              Randolph Fielding
 * @version             1.2, 08/08/03
 * @interface           <code>Math.asech(fX)</code>
 * @param fX            a floating-point number between 0 and 1 inclusive
 * @return              the inverse hyperbolic secant of <code>fX</code>
 * @return              <code>NaN</code> if <code>fX < 0</code> or
 *                      <code>fX > 1</code>
 * @return              <code>null</code> if an exception is encountered
 * @throws              IllegalArgumentException
 * @throws              TypeMismatchException
 */
Math.asech = function(fX) {
    try {
        var vError = null;
        var iNumArguments = arguments.length;
        if (iNumArguments != 1) {
            throw vError = new IllegalArgumentException("Math.asech", 1, iNumArguments);
        }
        if (typeof fX != "number") {
            throw vError = new TypeMismatchException("Math.asech", "number", typeof fX);
        }
        var fInvHypSecant = Math.log(Math.sqrt((1 / Math.pow(fX, 2)) - 1) + (1 / fX));
    }
    catch (vError) {
        if (vError instanceof Error) {
            vError.handleError();
        }
    }
    finally {
        return vError ? null : fInvHypSecant;
    }
}

/**
 * Calculates and returns the inverse hyperbolic sine of a number in 2D
 * Cartesian space.
 *
 * @summary             inverse hyperbolic sine
 * @author              Stuart Wigley
 * @author              Randolph Fielding
 * @version             1.2, 08/08/03
 * @interface           <code>Math.asinh(fX)</code>
 * @param fX            a floating-point number
 * @return              the inverse hyperbolic sine of <code>fX</code>
 * @return              <code>null</code> if an exception is encountered
 * @throws              IllegalArgumentException
 * @throws              TypeMismatchException
 */
Math.asinh = function(fX) {
    try {
        var vError = null;
        var iNumArguments = arguments.length;
        if (iNumArguments != 1) {
            throw vError = new IllegalArgumentException("Math.asinh", 1, iNumArguments);
        }
        if (typeof fX != "number") {
            throw vError = new TypeMismatchException("Math.asinh", "number", typeof fX);
        }
        var fInvHypSine = Math.log(fX + Math.sqrt(Math.pow(fX, 2) + 1));
    }
    catch (vError) {
        if (vError instanceof Error) {
            vError.handleError();
        }
    }
    finally {
        return vError ? null : fInvHypSine;
    }
}

/**
 * Calculates and returns the inverse hyperbolic tangent of a number in 2D
 * Cartesian space.
 *
 * @summary             inverse hyperbolic tangent
 * @author              Stuart Wigley
 * @author              Randolph Fielding
 * @version             1.2, 08/08/03
 * @interface           <code>Math.atanh(fX)</code>
 * @param fX            a floating-point number between -1 and 1 inclusive
 * @return              the inverse hyperbolic tangent of <code>fX</code>
 * @return              <code>NaN</code> if <code>fX < -1</code> or
 *                      <code>fX > 1</code>
 * @return              <code>null</code> if an exception is encountered
 * @throws              IllegalArgumentException
 * @throws              TypeMismatchException
 */
Math.atanh = function(fX) {
    try {
        var vError = null;
        var iNumArguments = arguments.length;
        if (iNumArguments != 1) {
            throw vError = new IllegalArgumentException("Math.atanh", 1, iNumArguments);
        }
        if (typeof fX != "number") {
            throw vError = new TypeMismatchException("Math.atanh", "number", typeof fX);
        }
        var fInvHypTangent = Math.log((1 + fX) / (1 - fX)) / 2;
    }
    catch (vError) {
        if (vError instanceof Error) {
            vError.handleError();
        }
    }
    finally {
        return vError ? null : fInvHypTangent;
    }
}

/**
 * Converts a number from one base to another base.
 *
 * @summary             convert base
 * @author              Stuart Wigley
 * @author              Randolph Fielding
 * @version             1.1, 09/03/03
 * @interface           <code>Math.baseConvert(vNumber, iBaseFrom,
 *                      iBaseTo)</code>
 * @param vNumber       an integer, a floating-point number, or a string to
 *                      convert from one base to another base
 * @param iBaseFrom     the base to convert from as an integer between 2 and
 *                      36
 * @param iBaseTo       the base to convert to as an integer between 2 and 36
 * @return              a string representation of the converted number
 * @return              <code>null</code> if an exception is encountered
 * @throws              IllegalArgumentException
 * @throws              IllegalValueException
 * @throws              TypeMismatchException
 */
Math.baseConvert = function(vNumber, iBaseFrom, iBaseTo) {
    try {
        var vError = null;
        var iNumArguments = arguments.length;
        if (iNumArguments != 3) {
            throw vError = new IllegalArgumentException("Math.baseConvert", 3, iNumArguments);
        }
        if ((typeof vNumber != "number") && (typeof vNumber != "string")) {
            throw vError = new TypeMismatchException("Math.baseCovert", "number or string", typeof vNumber);
        }
        if ((typeof iBaseFrom != "number") || (iBaseFrom.toString().indexOf(".") != -1)) {
            throw vError = new TypeMismatchException("Math.baseConvert", "integer", typeof iBaseFrom);
        }
        if ((iBaseFrom < 2) || (iBaseFrom > 36)) {
            throw vError = new IllegalValueException("Math.baseConvert", "iBaseFrom", "2, 3, 4, ..., 35 or 36", iBaseFrom);
        }
        if ((typeof iBaseTo != "number") || (iBaseTo.toString().indexOf(".") != -1)) {
            throw vError = new TypeMismatchException("Math.baseConvert", "integer", typeof iBaseTo);
        }
        if ((iBaseTo < 2) || (iBaseTo > 36)) {
            throw vError = new IllegalValueException("Math.baseConvert", "iBaseTo", "2, 3, 4, ..., 35 or 36", iBaseTo);
        }
        var sConvertedNum = parseInt(vNumber.toString(), iBaseFrom).toString(iBaseTo);
    }
    catch (vError) {
        if (vError instanceof Error) {
            vError.handleError();
        }
    }
    finally {
        return vError ? null : sConvertedNum;
    }
}

/**
 * Converts a binary number into its decimal equivalent.
 *
 * @summary             binary to decimal conversion
 * @author              Stuart Wigley
 * @author              Randolph Fielding
 * @version             1.3, 08/08/03
 * @interface           <code>Math.bin2dec(lBinaryNum)</code>
 * @param lBinaryNum    a binary number
 * @return              the decimal equivalent of <code>lBinaryNum</code>
 * @return              <code>NaN</code> if <code>lBinaryNum</code> is not a
 *                      binary number
 * @return              <code>null</code> if an exception is encountered
 * @throws              IllegalArgumentException
 * @throws              TypeMismatchException
 */
Math.bin2dec = function(lBinaryNum) {
    try {
        var vError = null;
        var iNumArguments = arguments.length;
        if (iNumArguments != 1) {
            throw vError = new IllegalArgumentException("Math.bin2dec", 1, iNumArguments);
        }
        if ((typeof lBinaryNum != "number") || (lBinaryNum.toString().indexOf(".") != -1)) {
            throw vError = new TypeMismatchException("Math.bin2dec", "long", typeof lBinaryNum);
        }
        var iDecimalNum = parseInt(lBinaryNum.toString(), 2);
    }
    catch (vError) {
        if (vError instanceof Error) {
            vError.handleError();
        }
    }
    finally {
        return vError ? null : iDecimalNum;
    }
}

/**
 * Converts a binary number into its hexadecimal equivalent.
 *
 * @summary             binary to hexadecimal conversion
 * @author              Stuart Wigley
 * @author              Randolph Fielding
 * @version             1.1, 08/08/03
 * @interface           <code>Math.bin2hex(lBinaryNum)</code>
 * @param lBinaryNum    a binary number
 * @return              the hexadecimal equivalent of <code>lBinaryNum</code>
 * @return              <code>NaN</code> if <code>lBinaryNum</code> is not a
 *                      binary number
 * @return              <code>null</code> if an exception is encountered
 * @throws              IllegalArgumentException
 * @throws              TypeMismatchException
 */
Math.bin2hex = function(lBinaryNum) {
    try {
        var vError = null;
        var iNumArguments = arguments.length;
        if (iNumArguments != 1) {
            throw vError = new IllegalArgumentException("Math.bin2hex", 1, iNumArguments);
        }
        if ((typeof lBinaryNum != "number") || (lBinaryNum.toString().indexOf(".") != -1)) {
            throw vError = new TypeMismatchException("Math.bin2hex", "long", typeof lBinaryNum);
        }
        var sHexadecimalNum = parseInt(lBinaryNum.toString(), 2).toString(16);
    }
    catch (vError) {
        if (vError instanceof Error) {
            vError.handleError();
        }
    }
    finally {
        return vError ? null : sHexadecimalNum;
    }
}

/**
 * Converts a binary number into its octal equivalent.
 *
 * @summary             binary to octal conversion
 * @author              Stuart Wigley
 * @author              Randolph Fielding
 * @version             1.1, 08/08/03
 * @interface           <code>Math.bin2oct(lBinaryNum)</code>
 * @param lBinaryNum    a binary number
 * @return              the octal equivalent of <code>lBinaryNum</code>
 * @return              <code>NaN</code> if <code>lBinaryNum</code> is not a
 *                      binary number
 * @return              <code>null</code> if an exception is encountered
 * @throws              IllegalArgumentException
 * @throws              TypeMismatchException
 */
Math.bin2oct = function(lBinaryNum) {
    try {
        var vError = null;
        var iNumArguments = arguments.length;
        if (iNumArguments != 1) {
            throw vError = new IllegalArgumentException("Math.bin2oct", 1, iNumArguments);
        }
        if ((typeof lBinaryNum != "number") || (lBinaryNum.toString().indexOf(".") != -1)) {
            throw vError = new TypeMismatchException("Math.bin2oct", "long", typeof lBinaryNum);
        }
        var sOctalNum = parseInt(lBinaryNum.toString(), 2).toString(8);
    }
    catch (vError) {
        if (vError instanceof Error) {
            vError.handleError();
        }
    }
    finally {
        return vError ? null : sOctalNum;
    }
}

/**
 * Calculates and returns the hyperbolic cosine of a number in 2D Cartesian
 * space.
 *
 * @summary             hyperbolic cosine
 * @author              Stuart Wigley
 * @author              Randolph Fielding
 * @version             1.2, 08/08/03
 * @interface           <code>Math.cosh(fX)</code>
 * @param fX            a floating-point number
 * @return              the hyperbolic cosine of <code>fX</code>
 * @return              <code>null</code> if an exception is encountered
 * @throws              IllegalArgumentException
 * @throws              TypeMismatchException
 */
Math.cosh = function(fX) {
    try {
        var vError = null;
        var iNumArguments = arguments.length;
        if (iNumArguments != 1) {
            throw vError = new IllegalArgumentException("Math.cosh", 1, iNumArguments);
        }
        if (typeof fX != "number") {
            throw vError = new TypeMismatchException("Math.cosh", "number", typeof fX);
        }
        var fHypCosine = (Math.exp(fX) + Math.exp(-fX)) / 2;
    }
    catch (vError) {
        if (vError instanceof Error) {
            vError.handleError();
        }
    }
    finally {
        return vError ? null : fHypCosine;
    }
}

/**
 * Calculates and returns the cotangent of a number in 2D Cartesian space.
 *
 * @summary             cotangent
 * @author              Stuart Wigley
 * @author              Randolph Fielding
 * @version             1.2, 08/08/03
 * @interface           <code>Math.cot(fX)</code>
 * @param fX            a floating-point number
 * @return              the cotangent of <code>fX</code>
 * @return              <code>null</code> if an exception is encountered
 * @throws              IllegalArgumentException
 * @throws              TypeMismatchException
 */
Math.cot = function(fX) {
    try {
        var vError = null;
        var iNumArguments = arguments.length;
        if (iNumArguments != 1) {
            throw vError = new IllegalArgumentException("Math.cot", 1, iNumArguments);
        }
        if (typeof fX != "number") {
            throw vError = new TypeMismatchException("Math.cot", "number", typeof fX);
        }
        var fCotangent = 1 / Math.tan(fX);
    }
    catch (vError) {
        if (vError instanceof Error) {
            vError.handleError();
        }
    }
    finally {
        return vError ? null : fCotangent;
    }
}

/**
 * Calculates and returns the hyperbolic cotangent of a number in 2D Cartesian
 * space.
 *
 * @summary             hyperbolic cotangent
 * @author              Stuart Wigley
 * @author              Randolph Fielding
 * @version             1.2, 08/08/03
 * @interface           <code>Math.coth(fX)</code>
 * @param fX            a floating-point number
 * @return              the hyperbolic cotangent of <code>fX</code>
 * @return              <code>null</code> if an exception is encountered
 * @throws              IllegalArgumentException
 * @throws              TypeMismatchException
 */
Math.coth = function(fX) {
    try {
        var vError = null;
        var iNumArguments = arguments.length;
        if (iNumArguments != 1) {
            throw vError = new IllegalArgumentException("Math.coth", 1, iNumArguments);
        }
        if (typeof fX != "number") {
            throw vError = new TypeMismatchException("Math.coth", "number", typeof fX);
        }
        var fHypCotangent = (Math.exp(fX) + Math.exp(-fX)) / (Math.exp(fX) - Math.exp(-fX));
    }
    catch (vError) {
        if (vError instanceof Error) {
            vError.handleError();
        }
    }
    finally {
        return vError ? null : fHypCotangent;
    }
}

/**
 * Calculates and returns the coversine of a number in 2D Cartesian space.
 *
 * @summary             coversine
 * @author              Stuart Wigley
 * @author              Randolph Fielding
 * @version             1.2, 08/08/03
 * @interface           <code>Math.cov(fX)</code>
 * @param fX            a floating-point number
 * @return              the coversine of <code>fX</code>
 * @return              <code>null</code> if an exception is encountered
 * @throws              IllegalArgumentException
 * @throws              TypeMismatchException
 */
Math.cov = function(fX) {
    try {
        var vError = null;
        var iNumArguments = arguments.length;
        if (iNumArguments != 1) {
            throw vError = new IllegalArgumentException("Math.cov", 1, iNumArguments);
        }
        if (typeof fX != "number") {
            throw vError = new TypeMismatchException("Math.cov", "number", typeof fX);
        }
        var fCoversine = 1 - Math.sin(fX);
    }
    catch (vError) {
        if (vError instanceof Error) {
            vError.handleError();
        }
    }
    finally {
        return vError ? null : fCoversine;
    }
}

/**
 * Calculates and returns the cosecant of a number in 2D Cartesian space.
 *
 * @summary             cosecant
 * @author              Stuart Wigley
 * @author              Randolph Fielding
 * @version             1.2, 08/08/03
 * @interface           <code>Math.csc(fX)</code>
 * @param fX            a floating-point number
 * @return              the cosecant of <code>fX</code>
 * @return              <code>null</code> if an exception is encountered
 * @throws              IllegalArgumentException
 * @throws              TypeMismatchException
 */
Math.csc = function(fX) {
    try {
        var vError = null;
        var iNumArguments = arguments.length;
        if (iNumArguments != 1) {
            throw vError = new IllegalArgumentException("Math.csc", 1, iNumArguments);
        }
        if (typeof fX != "number") {
            throw vError = new TypeMismatchException("Math.csc", "number", typeof fX);
        }
        var fCosecant = 1 / Math.sin(fX);
    }
    catch (vError) {
        if (vError instanceof Error) {
            vError.handleError();
        }
    }
    finally {
        return vError ? null : fCosecant;
    }
}

/**
 * Calculates and returns the hyperbolic cosecant of a number in 2D Cartesian
 * space.
 *
 * @summary             hyperbolic cosecant
 * @author              Stuart Wigley
 * @author              Randolph Fielding
 * @version             1.2, 08/08/03
 * @interface           <code>Math.csch(fX)</code>
 * @param fX            a floating-point number
 * @return              the hyperbolic cosecant of <code>fX</code>
 * @return              <code>null</code> if an exception is encountered
 * @throws              IllegalArgumentException
 * @throws              TypeMismatchException
 */
Math.csch = function(fX) {
    try {
        var vError = null;
        var iNumArguments = arguments.length;
        if (iNumArguments != 1) {
            throw vError = new IllegalArgumentException("Math.csch", 1, iNumArguments);
        }
        if (typeof fX != "number") {
            throw vError = new TypeMismatchException("Math.csch", "number", typeof fX);
        }
        var fHypCosecant = 2 / (Math.exp(fX) - Math.exp(-fX));
    }
    catch (vError) {
        if (vError instanceof Error) {
            vError.handleError();
        }
    }
    finally {
        return vError ? null : fHypCosecant;
    }
}

/**
 * Converts a decimal number into its binary equivalent.
 *
 * @summary             decimal to binary conversion
 * @author              Stuart Wigley
 * @author              Randolph Fielding
 * @version             1.1, 08/08/03
 * @interface           <code>Math.dec2bin(lDecimalNum)</code>
 * @param lDecimalNum   a long integer
 * @return              the binary equivalent of <code>lDecimalNum</code>
 * @return              <code>null</code> if an exception is encountered
 * @throws              IllegalArgumentException
 * @throws              TypeMismatchException
 */
Math.dec2bin = function(lDecimalNum) {
    try {
        var vError = null;
        var iNumArguments = arguments.length;
        if (iNumArguments != 1) {
            throw vError = new IllegalArgumentException("Math.dec2bin", 1, iNumArguments);
        }
        if ((typeof lDecimalNum != "number") || (lDecimalNum.toString().indexOf(".") != -1)) {
            throw vError = new TypeMismatchException("Math.dec2bin", "long", typeof lDecimalNum);
        }
        var sBinaryNum = lDecimalNum.toString(2);
    }
    catch (vError) {
        if (vError instanceof Error) {
            vError.handleError();
        }
    }
    finally {
        return vError ? null : sBinaryNum;
    }
}

/**
 * Converts a decimal number into its hexadecimal equivalent.
 *
 * @summary             decimal to hexadecimal conversion
 * @author              Stuart Wigley
 * @author              Randolph Fielding
 * @version             1.3, 08/08/03
 * @interface           <code>Math.dec2hex(lDecimalNum)</code>
 * @param lDecimalNum   a long integer
 * @return              the hexadecimal equivalent of <code>lDecimalNum</code>
 * @return              <code>null</code> if an exception is encountered
 * @throws              IllegalArgumentException
 * @throws              TypeMismatchException
 */
Math.dec2hex = function(lDecimalNum) {
    try {
        var vError = null;
        var iNumArguments = arguments.length;
        if (iNumArguments != 1) {
            throw vError = new IllegalArgumentException("Math.dec2hex", 1, iNumArguments);
        }
        if ((typeof lDecimalNum != "number") || (lDecimalNum.toString().indexOf(".") != -1)) {
            throw vError = new TypeMismatchException("Math.dec2hex", "long", typeof lDecimalNum);
        }
        var sHexadecimalNum = lDecimalNum.toString(16);
    }
    catch (vError) {
        if (vError instanceof Error) {
            vError.handleError();
        }
    }
    finally {
        return vError ? null : sHexadecimalNum;
    }
}

/**
 * Converts a decimal number into its octal equivalent.
 *
 * @summary             decimal to octal conversion
 * @author              Stuart Wigley
 * @author              Randolph Fielding
 * @version             1.1, 08/08/03
 * @interface           <code>Math.dec2oct(lDecimalNum)</code>
 * @param lDecimalNum   a long integer
 * @return              the octal equivalent of <code>lDecimalNum</code>
 * @return              <code>null</code> if an exception is encountered
 * @throws              IllegalArgumentException
 * @throws              TypeMismatchException
 */
Math.dec2oct = function(lDecimalNum) {
    try {
        var vError = null;
        var iNumArguments = arguments.length;
        if (iNumArguments != 1) {
            throw vError = new IllegalArgumentException("Math.dec2oct", 1, iNumArguments);
        }
        if ((typeof lDecimalNum != "number") || (lDecimalNum.toString().indexOf(".") != -1)) {
            throw vError = new TypeMismatchException("Math.dec2oct", "long", typeof lDecimalNum);
        }
        var sOctalNum = lDecimalNum.toString(8);
    }
    catch (vError) {
        if (vError instanceof Error) {
            vError.handleError();
        }
    }
    finally {
        return vError ? null : sOctalNum;
    }
}

/**
 * Converts an angle in degrees into its equivalent in gradians.
 *
 * @summary             degree to gradian conversion
 * @author              Randolph Fielding
 * @author              Stuart Wigley
 * @version             1.1, 08/08/03
 * @interface           <code>Math.deg2grad(fDegrees)</code>
 * @param fDegrees      an angle in degrees
 * @return              the equivalent of <code>fDegrees</code> in gradians
 * @return              <code>null</code> if an exception is encountered
 * @throws              IllegalArgumentException
 * @throws              TypeMismatchException
 */
Math.deg2grad = function(fDegrees) {
    try {
        var vError = null;
        var iNumArguments = arguments.length;
        if (iNumArguments != 1) {
            throw vError = new IllegalArgumentException("Math.deg2grad", 1, iNumArguments);
        }
        if (typeof fDegrees != "number") {
            throw vError = new TypeMismatchException("Math.deg2grad", "number", typeof fDegrees);
        }
        var fGradians = (400 / 360) * fDegrees;
    }
    catch (vError) {
        if (vError instanceof Error) {
            vError.handleError();
        }
    }
    finally {
        return vError ? null : fGradians;
    }
}

/**
 * Converts an angle in degrees into its equivalent in radians.
 *
 * @summary             degree to radian conversion
 * @author              Stuart Wigley
 * @author              Randolph Fielding
 * @version             1.2, 08/08/03
 * @interface           <code>Math.deg2rad(fDegrees)</code>
 * @param fDegrees      an angle in degrees
 * @return              the equivalent of <code>fDegrees</code> in radians
 * @return              <code>null</code> if an exception is encountered
 * @throws              IllegalArgumentException
 * @throws              TypeMismatchException
 */
Math.deg2rad = function(fDegrees) {
    try {
        var vError = null;
        var iNumArguments = arguments.length;
        if (iNumArguments != 1) {
            throw vError = new IllegalArgumentException("Math.deg2rad", 1, iNumArguments);
        }
        if (typeof fDegrees != "number") {
            throw vError = new TypeMismatchException("Math.deg2rad", "number", typeof fDegrees);
        }
        var fRadians = ((2 * Math.PI) / 360) * fDegrees;
    }
    catch (vError) {
        if (vError instanceof Error) {
            vError.handleError();
        }
    }
    finally {
        return vError ? null : fRadians;
    }
}

/**
 * Calculates the exponent of 10. ie 10 to the power of <code>fX</code>
 *
 * @summary             exponent of 10
 * @author              Stuart Wigley
 * @version             1.0, 09/24/03
 * @interface           <code>Math.exp10(fX)</code>
 * @param fX            a floating-point number
 * @return              10 raised to the power of <code>fX</code>
 * @return              <code>null</code> if an exception is encountered
 * @throws              IllegalArgumentException
 * @throws              TypeMismatchException
 */
Math.exp10 = function(fX) {
    try {
        var vError = null;
        var iNumArguments = arguments.length;
        if (iNumArguments != 1) {
            throw vError = new IllegalArgumentException("Math.exp10", 1, iNumArguments);
        }
        if (typeof fX != "number") {
            throw vError = new TypeMismatchException("Math.exp10", "number", typeof fX);
        }
        var fExponent10 = Math.pow(10, fX);
    }
    catch (vError) {
        if (vError instanceof Error) {
            vError.handleError();
        }
    }
    finally {
        return vError ? null : fExponent10;
    }
}

/**
 * Calculates and returns exp(x) - 1 for a number x.
 *
 * @summary             exp(x) - 1
 * @author              Stuart Wigley
 * @author              Randolph Fielding
 * @version             1.2, 08/08/03
 * @interface           <code>Math.expm1(fX)</code>
 * @param fX            a floating-point number
 * @return              <code>Math.exp(fX) - 1</code> for <code>fX</code>
 * @return              <code>null</code> if an exception is encountered
 * @throws              IllegalArgumentException
 * @throws              TypeMismatchException
 */
Math.expm1 = function(fX) {
    try {
        var vError = null;
        var iNumArguments = arguments.length;
        if (iNumArguments != 1) {
            throw vError = new IllegalArgumentException("Math.expm1", 1, iNumArguments);
        }
        if (typeof fX != "number") {
            throw vError = new TypeMismatchException("Math.expm1", "number", typeof fX);
        }
        var fExpm1 = ((fX > -1.0e-6) && (fX < 1.0e-6)) ? fX + (Math.pow(fX, 2) / 2) : Math.exp(fX) - 1;
    }
    catch (vError) {
        if (vError instanceof Error) {
            vError.handleError();
        }
    }
    finally {
        return vError ? null : fExpm1;
    }
}

/**
 * Calculates and returns the exsecant of a number in 2D Cartesian space.
 *
 * @summary             exsecant
 * @author              Stuart Wigley
 * @author              Randolph Fielding
 * @version             1.2, 08/08/03
 * @interface           <code>Math.exsec(fX)</code>
 * @param fX            a floating-point number
 * @return              the exsecant of <code>fX</code>
 * @return              <code>null</code> if an exception is encountered
 * @throws              IllegalArgumentException
 * @throws              TypeMismatchException
 */
Math.exsec = function(fX) {
    try {
        var vError = null;
        var iNumArguments = arguments.length;
        if (iNumArguments != 1) {
            throw vError = new IllegalArgumentException("Math.exsec", 1, iNumArguments);
        }
        if (typeof fX != "number") {
            throw vError = new TypeMismatchException("Math.exsec", "number", typeof fX);
        }
        var fExsecant = (1 / Math.cos(fX)) - 1;
    }
    catch (vError) {
        if (vError instanceof Error) {
            vError.handleError();
        }
    }
    finally {
        return vError ? null : fExsecant;
    }
}

/**
 * Calculates and returns the xth term of the Fibonacci sequence.
 *
 * @summary             Fibonacci sequence
 * @author              Stuart Wigley
 * @author              Randolph Fielding
 * @version             1.2, 08/08/03
 * @interface           <code>Math.fibonacci(iX)</code>
 * @param iX            an integer
 * @return              the Fibonacci number corresponding to the
 *                      <code>iX</code>th term of the Fibonacci sequence
 * @return              <code>null</code> if an exception is encountered
 * @throws              IllegalArgumentException
 * @throws              TypeMismatchException
 */
Math.fibonacci = function(iX) {
    try {
        var vError = null;
        var iNumArguments = arguments.length;
        if (iNumArguments != 1) {
            throw vError = new IllegalArgumentException("Math.fibonacci", 1, iNumArguments);
        }
        if ((typeof iX != "number") || (iX.toString().indexOf(".") != -1)) {
            throw vError = new TypeMismatchException("Math.fibonacci", "integer", typeof iX);
        }
        var iFibonacciNum = Math.round((Math.pow(1 + Math.sqrt(5), iX) - Math.pow(1 - Math.sqrt(5), iX)) / (Math.pow(2, iX) * Math.sqrt(5)));
    }
    catch (vError) {
        if (vError instanceof Error) {
            vError.handleError();
        }
    }
    finally {
        return vError ? null : iFibonacciNum;
    }
}

/**
 * Calculates and returns the floating-point remainder of one number divided
 * by another number.
 *
 * @summary             floating-point remainder
 * @author              Stuart Wigley
 * @version             1.0, 09/03/03
 * @interface           <code>Math.fmod(fDividend, fDivisor)</code>
 * @param fDividend     a floating-point number
 * @param fDivisor      a floating-point number
 * @return              the floating-point remainder of <code>fDividend</code>
 *                      divided by <code>fDivisor</code>
 * @return              <code>NaN</code> if <code>fDivisor = 0</code>
 * @return              <code>null</code> if an exception is encountered
 * @throws              IllegalArgumentException
 * @throws              TypeMismatchException
 */
Math.fmod = function(fDividend, fDivisor) {
    try {
        var vError = null;
        var iNumArguments = arguments.length;
        if (iNumArguments != 2) {
            throw vError = new IllegalArgumentException("Math.fmod", 2, iNumArguments);
        }
        if (typeof fDividend != "number") {
            throw vError = new TypeMismatchException("Math.fmod", "number", typeof fDividend);
        }
        if (typeof fDivisor != "number") {
            throw vError = new TypeMismatchException("Math.fmod", "number", typeof fDivisor);
        }
        var fRemainder = fDividend - (Math.floor(fDividend / fDivisor) * fDivisor);
    }
    catch (vError) {
        if (vError instanceof Error) {
            vError.handleError();
        }
    }
    finally {
        return vError ? null : fRemainder;
    }
}

/**
 * Calculates and returns the Gudermannian number of a number in 2D Cartesian
 * space using the Gudermannian function.
 *
 * @summary             Gudermannian function
 * @author              Stuart Wigley
 * @author              Randolph Fielding
 * @version             1.2, 08/08/03
 * @interface           <code>Math.gd(fX)</code>
 * @param fX            a floating-point number
 * @return              the Gudermannian number of <code>fX</code> in radians
 * @return              <code>null</code> if an exception is encountered
 * @throws              IllegalArgumentException
 * @throws              TypeMismatchException
 */
Math.gd = function(fX) {
    try {
        var vError = null;
        var iNumArguments = arguments.length;
        if (iNumArguments != 1) {
            throw vError = new IllegalArgumentException("Math.gd", 1, iNumArguments);
        }
        if (typeof fX != "number") {
            throw vError = new TypeMismatchException("Math.gd", "number", typeof fX);
        }
        var fGudermannianNum = (2 * Math.atan(Math.exp(fX))) - (Math.PI / 2);
    }
    catch (vError) {
        if (vError instanceof Error) {
            vError.handleError();
        }
    }
    finally {
        return vError ? null : fGudermannianNum;
    }
}

/**
 * Converts an angle in gradians into its equivalent in degrees.
 *
 * @summary             gradian to degree conversion
 * @author              Randolph Fielding
 * @author              Stuart Wigley
 * @version             1.1, 08/08/03
 * @interface           <code>Math.grad2deg(fGradians)</code>
 * @param fGradians     an angle in gradians
 * @return              the equivalent of <code>fGradians</code> in degrees
 * @return              <code>null</code> if an exception is encountered
 * @throws              IllegalArgumentException
 * @throws              TypeMismatchException
 */
Math.grad2deg = function(fGradians) {
    try {
        var vError = null;
        var iNumArguments = arguments.length;
        if (iNumArguments != 1) {
            throw vError = new IllegalArgumentException("Math.grad2deg", 1, iNumArguments);
        }
        if (typeof fGradians != "number") {
            throw vError = new TypeMismatchException("Math.grad2deg", "number", typeof fGradians);
        }
        var fDegrees = (360 / 400) * fGradians;
    }
    catch (vError) {
        if (vError instanceof Error) {
            vError.handleError();
        }
    }
    finally {
        return vError ? null : fDegrees;
    }
}

/**
 * Converts an angle in gradians into its equivalent in radians.
 *
 * @summary             gradian to radian conversion
 * @author              Randolph Fielding
 * @author              Stuart Wigley
 * @version             1.1, 08/08/03
 * @interface           <code>Math.grad2rad(fGradians)</code>
 * @param fGradians     an angle in gradians
 * @return              the equivalent of <code>fGradians</code> in radians
 * @return              <code>null</code> if an exception is encountered
 * @throws              IllegalArgumentException
 * @throws              TypeMismatchException
 */
Math.grad2rad = function(fGradians) {
    try {
        var vError = null;
        var iNumArguments = arguments.length;
        if (iNumArguments != 1) {
            throw vError = new IllegalArgumentException("Math.grad2rad", 1, iNumArguments);
        }
        if (typeof fGradians != "number") {
            throw vError = new TypeMismatchException("Math.grad2rad", "number", typeof fGradians);
        }
        var fRadians = ((2 * Math.PI) / 400) * fGradians;
    }
    catch (vError) {
        if (vError instanceof Error) {
            vError.handleError();
        }
    }
    finally {
        return vError ? null : fRadians;
    }
}

/**
 * Calculates and returns the haversine of a number in 2D Cartesian space.
 *
 * @summary             haversine
 * @author              Stuart Wigley
 * @author              Randolph Fielding
 * @version             1.2, 08/08/03
 * @interface           <code>Math.hav(fX)</code>
 * @param fX            a floating-point number
 * @return              the haversine of <code>fX</code>
 * @return              <code>null</code> if an exception is encountered
 * @throws              IllegalArgumentException
 * @throws              TypeMismatchException
 */
Math.hav = function(fX) {
    try {
        var vError = null;
        var iNumArguments = arguments.length;
        if (iNumArguments != 1) {
            throw vError = new IllegalArgumentException("Math.hav", 1, iNumArguments);
        }
        if (typeof fX != "number") {
            throw vError = new TypeMismatchException("Math.hav", "number", typeof fX);
        }
        var fHaversine = (1 - Math.cos(fX)) / 2;
    }
    catch (vError) {
        if (vError instanceof Error) {
            vError.handleError();
        }
    }
    finally {
        return vError ? null : fHaversine;
    }
}

/**
 * Converts a hexadecimal number into its binary equivalent.
 *
 * @summary             hexadecimal to binary conversion
 * @author              Stuart Wigley
 * @author              Randolph Fielding
 * @version             1.1, 08/08/03
 * @interface           <code>Math.hex2bin(sHexNum)</code>
 * @param sHexNum       the string representation of a hexadecimal number
 * @return              the binary equivalent of <code>sHexNum</code>
 * @return              <code>null</code> if an exception is encountered
 * @throws              IllegalArgumentException
 * @throws              TypeMismatchException
 */
Math.hex2bin = function(sHexNum) {
    try {
        var vError = null;
        var iNumArguments = arguments.length;
        if (iNumArguments != 1) {
            throw vError = new IllegalArgumentException("Math.hex2bin", 1, iNumArguments);
        }
        if (typeof sHexNum != "string") {
            throw vError = new TypeMismatchException("Math.hex2bin", "string", typeof sHexNum);
        }
        var sBinaryNum = parseInt(sHexNum, 16).toString(2);
    }
    catch (vError) {
        if (vError instanceof Error) {
            vError.handleError();
        }
    }
    finally {
        return vError ? null : sBinaryNum;
    }
}

/**
 * Converts a hexadecimal number into its decimal equivalent.
 *
 * @summary             hexadecimal to decimal conversion
 * @author              Stuart Wigley
 * @author              Randolph Fielding
 * @version             1.1, 08/08/03
 * @interface           <code>Math.hex2dec(sHexNum)</code>
 * @param sHexNum       the string representation of a hexadecimal number
 * @return              the decimal equivalent of <code>sHexNum</code>
 * @return              <code>null</code> if an exception is encountered
 * @throws              IllegalArgumentException
 * @throws              TypeMismatchException
 */
Math.hex2dec = function(sHexNum) {
    try {
        var vError = null;
        var iNumArguments = arguments.length;
        if (iNumArguments != 1) {
            throw vError = new IllegalArgumentException("Math.hex2dec", 1, iNumArguments);
        }
        if (typeof sHexNum != "string") {
            throw vError = new TypeMismatchException("Math.hex2dec", "string", typeof sHexNum);
        }
        var iDecimalNum = parseInt(sHexNum, 16);
    }
    catch (vError) {
        if (vError instanceof Error) {
            vError.handleError();
        }
    }
    finally {
        return vError ? null : iDecimalNum;
    }
}

/**
 * Converts a hexadecimal number into its octal equivalent.
 *
 * @summary             hexadecimal to octal conversion
 * @author              Stuart Wigley
 * @author              Randolph Fielding
 * @version             1.1, 08/08/03
 * @interface           <code>Math.hex2oct(sHexNum)</code>
 * @param sHexNum       the string representation of a hexadecimal number
 * @return              the octal equivalent of <code>sHexNum</code>
 * @return              <code>null</code> if an exception is encountered
 * @throws              IllegalArgumentException
 * @throws              TypeMismatchException
 */
Math.hex2oct = function(sHexNum) {
    try {
        var vError = null;
        var iNumArguments = arguments.length;
        if (iNumArguments != 1) {
            throw vError = new IllegalArgumentException("Math.hex2oct", 1, iNumArguments);
        }
        if (typeof sHexNum != "string") {
            throw vError = new TypeMismatchException("Math.hex2oct", "string", typeof sHexNum);
        }
        var sOctalNum = parseInt(sHexNum, 16).toString(8);
    }
    catch (vError) {
        if (vError instanceof Error) {
            vError.handleError();
        }
    }
    finally {
        return vError ? null : sOctalNum;
    }
}

/**
 * Calculates and returns the length of the hypotenuse of a right triangle
 * (side C) in 2D Cartesian space.
 *
 * @summary             hypotenuse
 * @author              Stuart Wigley
 * @author              Randolph Fielding
 * @version             1.2, 08/08/03
 * @interface           <code>Math.hypot(fLengthA, fLengthB)</code>
 * @param fLengthA      the length of side A of a right triangle
 * @param fLengthB      the length of side B of a right triangle
 * @return              the length of the hypotenuse of the right triangle
 *                      (side C)
 * @return              <code>null</code> if an exception is encountered
 * @throws              IllegalArgumentException
 * @throws              TypeMismatchException
 */
Math.hypot = function(fLengthA, fLengthB) {
    try {
        var vError = null;
        var iNumArguments = arguments.length;
        if (iNumArguments != 2) {
            throw vError = new IllegalArgumentException("Math.hypot", 2, iNumArguments);
        }
        if (typeof fLengthA != "number") {
            throw vError = new TypeMismatchException("Math.hypot", "number", typeof fLengthA);
        }
        if (typeof fLengthB != "number") {
            throw vError = new TypeMismatchException("Math.hypot", "number", typeof fLengthB);
        }
        var fHypotenuse = Math.sqrt(Math.pow(fLengthA, 2) + Math.pow(fLengthB, 2));
    }
    catch (vError) {
        if (vError instanceof Error) {
            vError.handleError();
        }
    }
    finally {
        return vError ? null : fHypotenuse;
    }
}

/**
 * Determines if a number is even.
 *
 * @summary             is even?
 * @author              Stuart Wigley
 * @author              Randolph Fielding
 * @version             1.2, 08/08/03
 * @interface           <code>Math.isEven(fX)</code>
 * @param fX            a floating-point number
 * @return              <code>true</code> if <code>fX</code> is even
 * @return              <code>false</code> if <code>fX</code> is odd
 * @return              <code>null</code> if an exception is encountered
 * @throws              IllegalArgumentException
 * @throws              TypeMismatchException
 */
Math.isEven = function(fX) {
    try {
        var vError = null;
        var iNumArguments = arguments.length;
        if (iNumArguments != 1) {
            throw vError = new IllegalArgumentException("Math.isEven", 1, iNumArguments);
        }
        if (typeof fX != "number") {
            throw vError = new TypeMismatchException("Math.isEven", "number", typeof fX);
        }
        var bIsEven = (fX % 2) == 0;
    }
    catch (vError) {
        if (vError instanceof Error) {
            vError.handleError();
        }
    }
    finally {
        return vError ? null : bIsEven;
    }
}

/**
 * Determines if a number is odd.
 *
 * @summary             is odd?
 * @author              Stuart Wigley
 * @author              Randolph Fielding
 * @version             1.2, 08/08/03
 * @interface           <code>Math.isOdd(fX)</code>
 * @param fX            a floating-point number
 * @return              <code>true</code> if <code>fX</code> is odd
 * @return              <code>false</code> if <code>fX</code> is even
 * @return              <code>null</code> if an exception is encountered
 * @throws              IllegalArgumentException
 * @throws              TypeMismatchException
 */
Math.isOdd = function(fX) {
    try {
        var vError = null;
        var iNumArguments = arguments.length;
        if (iNumArguments != 1) {
            throw vError = new IllegalArgumentException("Math.isOdd", 1, iNumArguments);
        }
        if (typeof fX != "number") {
            throw vError = new TypeMismatchException("Math.isOdd", "number", typeof fX);
        }
        var bIsOdd = (fX % 2) != 0;
    }
    catch (vError) {
        if (vError instanceof Error) {
            vError.handleError();
        }
    }
    finally {
        return vError ? null : bIsOdd;
    }
}

/**
 * Determines if a number is prime (a positive integer greater than 1 that has
 * no positive integer divisors other than 1 and itself).
 *
 * @summary             is prime?
 * @author              Stuart Wigley
 * @author              Randolph Fielding
 * @version             1.1, 07/04/03
 * @interface           <code>Math.isPrime(iX)</code>
 * @param iX            a positive integer greater than 1
 * @return              <code>true</code> if <code>iX</code> is prime
 * @return              <code>false</code> if <code>iX</code> is not prime
 * @return              <code>null</code> if an exception is encountered
 * @throws              IllegalArgumentException
 * @throws              IllegalValueException
 * @throws              TypeMismatchException
 */
Math.isPrime = function(iX) {
    try {
        var vError = null;
        var iNumArguments = arguments.length;
        if (iNumArguments != 1) {
            throw vError = new IllegalArgumentException("Math.isPrime", 1, iNumArguments);
        }
        if ((typeof iX != "number") || (iX.toString().indexOf(".") != -1)) {
            throw vError = new TypeMismatchException("Math.isPrime", "integer", typeof iX);
        }
        if (iX < 2) {
            throw vError = new IllegalValueException("Math.isPrime", "iX", "2 or greater", iX);
        }
        var bIsPrime = true;
        if ((iX != 2) && ((iX % 2) == 0)) {
            bIsPrime = false;
        } else {
            for (var i = 3; i <= Math.sqrt(iX); i += 2) {
                if ((iX % i) == 0) {
                    bIsPrime = false;
                }
            }
        }
    }
    catch (vError) {
        if (vError instanceof Error) {
            vError.handleError();
        }
    }
    finally {
        return vError ? null : bIsPrime;
    }
}

/**
 * Calculates and returns the base-10 logarithm of a number.
 *
 * @summary             base-10 logarithm
 * @author              Stuart Wigley
 * @author              Randolph Fielding
 * @version             1.2, 08/08/03
 * @interface           <code>Math.log10(fX)</code>
 * @param fX            a floating-point number greater than or equal to 0
 * @return              the base-10 logarithm of <code>fX</code>
 * @return              <code>NaN</code> if <code>fX < 0</code>
 * @return              <code>null</code> if an exception is encountered
 * @throws              IllegalArgumentException
 * @throws              TypeMismatchException
 */
Math.log10 = function(fX) {
    try {
        var vError = null;
        var iNumArguments = arguments.length;
        if (iNumArguments != 1) {
            throw vError = new IllegalArgumentException("Math.log10", 1, iNumArguments);
        }
        if (typeof fX != "number") {
            throw vError = new TypeMismatchException("Math.log10", "number", typeof fX);
        }
        var fBase10Log = Math.LOG10E * Math.log(fX);
    }
    catch (vError) {
        if (vError instanceof Error) {
            vError.handleError();
        }
    }
    finally {
        return vError ? null : fBase10Log;
    }
}

/**
 * Calculates and returns the base-2 logarithm of a number.
 *
 * @summary             base-2 logarithm
 * @author              Stuart Wigley
 * @author              Randolph Fielding
 * @version             1.2, 08/08/03
 * @interface           <code>Math.log2(fX)</code>
 * @param fX            a floating-point number greater than or equal to 0
 * @return              the base-2 logarithm of <code>fX</code>
 * @return              <code>NaN</code> if <code>fX < 0</code>
 * @return              <code>null</code> if an exception is encountered
 * @throws              IllegalArgumentException
 * @throws              TypeMismatchException
 */
Math.log2 = function(fX) {
    try {
        var vError = null;
        var iNumArguments = arguments.length;
        if (iNumArguments != 1) {
            throw vError = new IllegalArgumentException("Math.log2", 1, iNumArguments);
        }
        if (typeof fX != "number") {
            throw vError = new TypeMismatchException("Math.log2", "number", typeof fX);
        }
        var fBase2Log = Math.LOG2E * Math.log(fX);
    }
    catch (vError) {
        if (vError instanceof Error) {
            vError.handleError();
        }
    }
    finally {
        return vError ? null : fBase2Log;
    }
}

/**
 * Calculates and returns log(1 + x) for a number x.
 *
 * @summary             log(1 + x)
 * @author              Stuart Wigley
 * @author              Randolph Fielding
 * @version             1.2, 08/08/03
 * @interface           <code>Math.log1p(fX)</code>
 * @param fX            a floating-point number greater than or equal to -1
 * @return              <code>Math.log(1 + fX)</code> for <code>fX</code>
 * @return              <code>NaN</code> if <code>fX < -1</code>
 * @return              <code>null</code> if an exception is encountered
 * @throws              IllegalArgumentException
 * @throws              TypeMismatchException
 */
Math.log1p = function(fX) {
    try {
        var vError = null;
        var iNumArguments = arguments.length;
        if (iNumArguments != 1) {
            throw vError = new IllegalArgumentException("Math.log1p", 1, iNumArguments);
        }
        if (typeof fX != "number") {
            throw vError = new TypeMismatchException("Math.log1p", "number", typeof fX);
        }
        var fLog1p = ((fX > -1.0e-8) && (fX < 1.0e-8)) ? fX - (Math.pow(fX, 2) / 2) : Math.log(1 + fX);
    }
    catch (vError) {
        if (vError instanceof Error) {
            vError.handleError();
        }
    }
    finally {
        return vError ? null : fLog1p;
    }
}

/**
 * Determines if a number is valid according to the LUHN formula.
 *
 * @summary             LUHN formula
 * @author              Stuart Wigley
 * @author              Randolph Fielding
 * @version             1.2, 08/08/03
 * @interface           <code>Math.luhn(lX)</code>
 * @param lX            a long integer greater than or equal to 10
 * @return              <code>true</code> if <code>lX</code> is valid
 * @return              <code>false</code> if <code>lX</code> is invalid
 * @return              <code>null</code> if an exception is encountered
 * @throws              IllegalArgumentException
 * @throws              IllegalValueException
 * @throws              TypeMismatchException
 */
Math.luhn = function(lX) {
    try {
        var vError = null;
        var iNumArguments = arguments.length;
        if (iNumArguments != 1) {
            throw vError = new IllegalArgumentException("Math.luhn", 1, iNumArguments);
        }
        if ((typeof lX != "number") || (lX.toString().indexOf(".") != -1)) {
            throw vError = new TypeMismatchException("Math.luhn", "long", typeof lX);
        }
        if (lX < 10) {
            throw vError = new IllegalValueException("Math.luhn", "lX", "10 or greater", lX);
        }
        var sX = lX.toString();
        var iModifiedXlength = sX.length - 1;
        var bDouble = false;
        var iSum = 0;
        for (var i = iModifiedXlength; i >= 0; i--) {
            var iTempNum = parseInt(sX.charAt(i));
            if (bDouble) {
                iTempNum *= 2;
                if (iTempNum > 9) {
                    iTempNum -= 9;
                }
            }
            iSum += iTempNum;
            bDouble = !bDouble;
        }
        var bIsValidLuhn = (iSum % 10) == 0;
    }
    catch (vError) {
        if (vError instanceof Error) {
            vError.handleError();
        }
    }
    finally {
        return vError ? null : bIsValidLuhn;
    }
}

/**
 * Converts an octal number into its binary equivalent.
 *
 * @summary             octal to binary conversion
 * @author              Stuart Wigley
 * @author              Randolph Fielding
 * @version             1.1, 08/08/03
 * @interface           <code>Math.oct2bin(lOctalNum)</code>
 * @param lOctalNum     a long integer
 * @return              the binary equivalent of <code>lOctalNum</code>
 * @return              <code>null</code> if an exception is encountered
 * @throws              IllegalArgumentException
 * @throws              TypeMismatchException
 */
Math.oct2bin = function(lOctalNum) {
    try {
        var vError = null;
        var iNumArguments = arguments.length;
        if (iNumArguments != 1) {
            throw vError = new IllegalArgumentException("Math.oct2bin", 1, iNumArguments);
        }
        if ((typeof lOctalNum != "number") || (lOctalNum.toString().indexOf(".") != -1)) {
            throw vError = new TypeMismatchException("Math.oct2bin", "long", typeof lOctalNum);
        }
        var sBinaryNum = parseInt(lOctalNum.toString(), 8).toString(2);
    }
    catch (vError) {
        if (vError instanceof Error) {
            vError.handleError();
        }
    }
    finally {
        return vError ? null : sBinaryNum;
    }
}

/**
 * Converts an octal number into its decimal equivalent.
 *
 * @summary             octal to decimal conversion
 * @author              Stuart Wigley
 * @author              Randolph Fielding
 * @version             1.1, 08/08/03
 * @interface           <code>Math.oct2dec(lOctalNum)</code>
 * @param lOctalNum     a long integer
 * @return              the decimal equivalent of <code>lOctalNum</code>
 * @return              <code>null</code> if an exception is encountered
 * @throws              IllegalArgumentException
 * @throws              TypeMismatchException
 */
Math.oct2dec = function(lOctalNum) {
    try {
        var vError = null;
        var iNumArguments = arguments.length;
        if (iNumArguments != 1) {
            throw vError = new IllegalArgumentException("Math.oct2dec", 1, iNumArguments);
        }
        if ((typeof lOctalNum != "number") || (lOctalNum.toString().indexOf(".") != -1)) {
            throw vError = new TypeMismatchException("Math.oct2dec", "long", typeof lOctalNum);
        }
        var iDecimalNum = parseInt(lOctalNum.toString(), 8);
    }
    catch (vError) {
        if (vError instanceof Error) {
            vError.handleError();
        }
    }
    finally {
        return vError ? null : iDecimalNum;
    }
}

/**
 * Converts an octal number into its hexadecimal equivalent.
 *
 * @summary             octal to hexadecimal conversion
 * @author              Stuart Wigley
 * @author              Randolph Fielding
 * @version             1.1, 08/08/03
 * @interface           <code>Math.oct2hex(lOctalNum)</code>
 * @param lOctalNum     a long integer
 * @return              the hexadecimal equivalent of <code>lOctalNum</code>
 * @return              <code>null</code> if an exception is encountered
 * @throws              IllegalArgumentException
 * @throws              TypeMismatchException
 */
Math.oct2hex = function(lOctalNum) {
    try {
        var vError = null;
        var iNumArguments = arguments.length;
        if (iNumArguments != 1) {
            throw vError = new IllegalArgumentException("Math.oct2hex", 1, iNumArguments);
        }
        if ((typeof lOctalNum != "number") || (lOctalNum.toString().indexOf(".") != -1)) {
            throw vError = new TypeMismatchException("Math.oct2hex", "long", typeof lOctalNum);
        }
        var sHexadecimalNum = parseInt(lOctalNum.toString(), 8).toString(16);
    }
    catch (vError) {
        if (vError instanceof Error) {
            vError.handleError();
        }
    }
    finally {
        return vError ? null : sHexadecimalNum;
    }
}

/**
 * Calculates pi using one of the four two-term, Machin-like formulas.
 *
 * @summary             calculate pi
 * @author              Stuart Wigley
 * @author              Randolph Fielding
 * @version             1.1, 09/14/03
 * @interface           <code>Math.pi()</code>
 * @interface           <code>Math.pi(iFormula)</code>
 * @param iFormula      an integer representing the two-term, Machin-like
 *                      formula to use for calculating pi (Machin"s formula: 0;
 *                      Euler"s Machin-like formula: 1; Hermann"s formula: 2;
 *                      Hutton"s formula: 3) (optional)
 * @return              pi
 * @return              <code>null</code> if an exception is encountered
 * @throws              IllegalArgumentException
 * @throws              IllegalValueException
 * @throws              TypeMismatchException
 */
Math.pi = function() {
    try {
        var vError = null;
        var iNumArguments = arguments.length;
        var iFormula = 0;
        if (iNumArguments > 1) {
            throw vError = new IllegalArgumentException("Math.pi", "0 or 1", iNumArguments);
        } else if (iNumArguments == 1) {
            iFormula = arguments[0];
        }
        if ((typeof iFormula != "number") || (iFormula.toString().indexOf(".") != -1)) {
            throw vError = new TypeMismatchException("Math.pi", "integer", typeof iFormula);
        }
        if ((iFormula != 0) && (iFormula != 1) && (iFormula != 2) && (iFormula != 3)) {
            throw vError = new IllegalValueException("Math.pi", "iFormula", "0, 1, 2 or 3", iFormula);
        }
        switch (iFormula) {
            case 1  : var fPi = 4 * (Math.atan(1 / 2) + Math.atan(1 / 3)); break;
            case 2  : var fPi = 4 * ((2 * Math.atan(1 / 2)) - Math.atan(1 / 7)); break;
            case 3  : var fPi = 4 * ((2 * Math.atan(1 / 3)) + Math.atan(1 / 7)); break;
            case 0  :
            default : var fPi = 4 * ((4 * Math.atan(1 / 5)) - Math.atan(1 / 239)); break;
        }
    }
    catch (vError) {
        if (vError instanceof Error) {
            vError.handleError();
        }
    }
    finally {
        return vError ? null : fPi;
    }
}

/**
 * Converts an angle in radians into its equivalent in degrees.
 *
 * @summary             radian to degree conversion
 * @author              Stuart Wigley
 * @author              Randolph Fielding
 * @version             1.2, 08/08/03
 * @interface           <code>Math.rad2deg(fRadians)</code>
 * @param fRadians      an angle in radians
 * @return              the equivalent of <code>fRadians</code> in degrees
 * @return              <code>null</code> if an exception is encountered
 * @throws              IllegalArgumentException
 * @throws              TypeMismatchException
 */
Math.rad2deg = function(fRadians) {
    try {
        var vError = null;
        var iNumArguments = arguments.length;
        if (iNumArguments != 1) {
            throw vError = new IllegalArgumentException("Math.rad2deg", 1, iNumArguments);
        }
        if (typeof fRadians != "number") {
            throw vError = new TypeMismatchException("Math.rad2deg", "number", typeof fRadians);
        }
        var fDegrees = (360 / (2 * Math.PI)) * fRadians;
    }
    catch (vError) {
        if (vError instanceof Error) {
            vError.handleError();
        }
    }
    finally {
        return vError ? null : fDegrees;
    }
}

/**
 * Converts an angle in radians into its equivalent in gradians.
 *
 * @summary             radian to gradian conversion
 * @author              Randolph Fielding
 * @author              Stuart Wigley
 * @version             1.2, 08/08/03
 * @interface           <code>Math.rad2grad(fRadians)</code>
 * @param fRadians      an angle in radians
 * @return              the equivalent of <code>fRadians</code> in gradians
 * @return              <code>null</code> if an exception is encountered
 * @throws              IllegalArgumentException
 * @throws              TypeMismatchException
 */
Math.rad2grad = function(fRadians) {
    try {
        var vError = null;
        var iNumArguments = arguments.length;
        if (iNumArguments != 1) {
            throw vError = new IllegalArgumentException("Math.rad2grad", 1, iNumArguments);
        }
        if (typeof fRadians != "number") {
            throw vError = new TypeMismatchException("Math.rad2grad", "number", typeof fRadians);
        }
        var fGradians = (400 / (2 * Math.PI)) * fRadians;
    }
    catch (vError) {
        if (vError instanceof Error) {
            vError.handleError();
        }
    }
    finally {
        return vError ? null : fGradians;
    }
}

/**
 * Calculates and returns the secant of a number in 2D Cartesian space.
 *
 * @summary             secant
 * @author              Stuart Wigley
 * @author              Randolph Fielding
 * @version             1.2, 08/08/03
 * @interface           <code>Math.sec(fX)</code>
 * @param fX            a floating-point number
 * @return              the secant of <code>fX</code>
 * @return              <code>null</code> if an exception is encountered
 * @throws              IllegalArgumentException
 * @throws              TypeMismatchException
 */
Math.sec = function(fX) {
    try {
        var vError = null;
        var iNumArguments = arguments.length;
        if (iNumArguments != 1) {
            throw vError = new IllegalArgumentException("Math.sec", 1, iNumArguments);
        }
        if (typeof fX != "number") {
            throw vError = new TypeMismatchException("Math.sec", "number", typeof fX);
        }
        var fSecant = 1 / Math.cos(fX);
    }
    catch (vError) {
        if (vError instanceof Error) {
            vError.handleError();
        }
    }
    finally {
        return vError ? null : fSecant;
    }
}

/**
 * Calculates and returns the hyperbolic secant of a number in 2D Cartesian
 * space.
 *
 * @summary             hyperbolic secant
 * @author              Stuart Wigley
 * @author              Randolph Fielding
 * @version             1.2, 08/08/03
 * @interface           <code>Math.sech(fX)</code>
 * @param fX            a floating-point number
 * @return              the hyperbolic secant of <code>fX</code>
 * @return              <code>null</code> if an exception is encountered
 * @throws              IllegalArgumentException
 * @throws              TypeMismatchException
 */
Math.sech = function(fX) {
    try {
        var vError = null;
        var iNumArguments = arguments.length;
        if (iNumArguments != 1) {
            throw vError = new IllegalArgumentException("Math.sech", 1, iNumArguments);
        }
        if (typeof fX != "number") {
            throw vError = new TypeMismatchException("Math.sech", "number", typeof fX);
        }
        var fHypSecant = 2 / (Math.exp(fX) + Math.exp(-fX));
    }
    catch (vError) {
        if (vError instanceof Error) {
            vError.handleError();
        }
    }
    finally {
        return vError ? null : fHypSecant;
    }
}

/**
 * Calculates and returns the sigmoid of a number in 2D Cartesian space using
 * the sigmoid function.
 *
 * @summary             sigmoid function
 * @author              Stuart Wigley
 * @author              Randolph Fielding
 * @version             1.2, 08/08/03
 * @interface           <code>Math.sigmoid(fX)</code>
 * @param fX            a floating-point number
 * @return              the sigmoid of <code>fX</code>
 * @return              <code>null</code> if an exception is encountered
 * @throws              IllegalArgumentException
 * @throws              TypeMismatchException
 */
Math.sigmoid = function(fX) {
    try {
        var vError = null;
        var iNumArguments = arguments.length;
        if (iNumArguments != 1) {
            throw vError = new IllegalArgumentException("Math.sigmoid", 1, iNumArguments);
        }
        if (typeof fX != "number") {
            throw vError = new TypeMismatchException("Math.sigmoid", "number", typeof fX);
        }
        var fSigmoid = 1 / (1 + Math.exp(-fX));
    }
    catch (vError) {
        if (vError instanceof Error) {
            vError.handleError();
        }
    }
    finally {
        return vError ? null : fSigmoid;
    }
}

/**
 * Calculates and returns the sign of a number.
 *
 * @summary             sign
 * @author              Stuart Wigley
 * @author              Randolph Fielding
 * @version             1.2, 08/08/03
 * @interface           <code>Math.sign(fX)</code>
 * @param fX            a floating-point number
 * @return              <code>0</code> if <code>fX == 0</code>
 * @return              <code>1</code> if <code>fX</code> is positive
 * @return              <code>-1</code> if <code>fX</code> is negative
 * @return              <code>null</code> if an exception is encountered
 * @throws              IllegalArgumentException
 * @throws              TypeMismatchException
 */
Math.sign = function(fX) {
    try {
        var vError = null;
        var iNumArguments = arguments.length;
        if (iNumArguments != 1) {
            throw vError = new IllegalArgumentException("Math.sign", 1, iNumArguments);
        }
        if (typeof fX != "number") {
            throw vError = new TypeMismatchException("Math.sign", "number", typeof fX);
        }
        var iSign = (fX == 0) ? 0 : fX / Math.abs(fX);
    }
    catch (vError) {
        if (vError instanceof Error) {
            vError.handleError();
        }
    }
    finally {
        return vError ? null : iSign;
    }
}

/**
 * Calculates and returns the sinc of a number in 2D Cartesian space using the
 * sinc function.
 *
 * @summary             sinc function
 * @author              Randolph Fielding
 * @author              Stuart Wigley
 * @version             1.2, 08/08/03
 * @interface           <code>Math.sinc(fX)</code>
 * @param fX            a floating-point number
 * @return              the sinc of <code>fX</code>
 * @return              <code>null</code> if an exception is encountered
 * @throws              IllegalArgumentException
 * @throws              TypeMismatchException
 */
Math.sinc = function(fX) {
    try {
        var vError = null;
        var iNumArguments = arguments.length;
        if (iNumArguments != 1) {
            throw vError = new IllegalArgumentException("Math.sinc", 1, iNumArguments);
        }
        if (typeof fX != "number") {
            throw vError = new TypeMismatchException("Math.sinc", "number", typeof fX);
        }
        var fSinc = (fX == 0) ? 1 : Math.sin(fX) / fX;
    }
    catch (vError) {
        if (vError instanceof Error) {
            vError.handleError();
        }
    }
    finally {
        return vError ? null : fSinc;
    }
}

/**
 * Calculates and returns the hyperbolic sine of a number in 2D Cartesian
 * space.
 *
 * @summary             hyperbolic sine
 * @author              Stuart Wigley
 * @author              Randolph Fielding
 * @version             1.2, 08/08/03
 * @interface           <code>Math.sinh(fX)</code>
 * @param fX            a floating-point number
 * @return              the hyperbolic sine of <code>fX</code>
 * @return              <code>null</code> if an exception is encountered
 * @throws              IllegalArgumentException
 * @throws              TypeMismatchException
 */
Math.sinh = function(fX) {
    try {
        var vError = null;
        var iNumArguments = arguments.length;
        if (iNumArguments != 1) {
            throw vError = new IllegalArgumentException("Math.sinh", 1, iNumArguments);
        }
        if (typeof fX != "number") {
            throw vError = new TypeMismatchException("Math.sinh", "number", typeof fX);
        }
        var fHypSine = (Math.exp(fX) - Math.exp(-fX)) / 2;
    }
    catch (vError) {
        if (vError instanceof Error) {
            vError.handleError();
        }
    }
    finally {
        return vError ? null : fHypSine;
    }
}

/**
 * Calculates and returns the square of a number.
 *
 * @summary             square
 * @author              Stuart Wigley
 * @author              Randolph Fielding
 * @version             1.2, 08/08/03
 * @interface           <code>Math.sq(fX)</code>
 * @param fX            a floating-point number
 * @return              the square of <code>fX</code>
 * @return              <code>null</code> if an exception is encountered
 * @throws              IllegalArgumentException
 * @throws              TypeMismatchException
 */
Math.sq = function(fX) {
    try {
        var vError = null;
        var iNumArguments = arguments.length;
        if (iNumArguments != 1) {
            throw vError = new IllegalArgumentException("Math.sq", 1, iNumArguments);
        }
        if (typeof fX != "number") {
            throw vError = new TypeMismatchException("Math.sq", "number", typeof fX);
        }
        var fSquare = Math.pow(fX, 2);
    }
    catch (vError) {
        if (vError instanceof Error) {
            vError.handleError();
        }
    }
    finally {
        return vError ? null : fSquare;
    }
}

/**
 * Calculates and returns the tanc of a number in 2D Cartesian space using the
 * tanc function.
 *
 * @summary             tanc function
 * @author              Stuart Wigley
 * @author              Randolph Fielding
 * @version             1.2, 08/08/03
 * @interface           <code>Math.tanc(fX)</code>
 * @param fX            a floating-point number
 * @return              the tanc of <code>fX</code>
 * @return              <code>null</code> if an exception is encountered
 * @throws              IllegalArgumentException
 * @throws              TypeMismatchException
 */
Math.tanc = function(fX) {
    try {
        var vError = null;
        var iNumArguments = arguments.length;
        if (iNumArguments != 1) {
            throw vError = new IllegalArgumentException("Math.tanc", 1, iNumArguments);
        }
        if (typeof fX != "number") {
            throw vError = new TypeMismatchException("Math.tanc", "number", typeof fX);
        }
        var fTanc = (fX == 0) ? 1 : Math.tan(fX) / fX;
    }
    catch (vError) {
        if (vError instanceof Error) {
            vError.handleError();
        }
    }
    finally {
        return vError ? null : fTanc;
    }
}

/**
 * Calculates and returns the hyperbolic tangent of a number in 2D Cartesian
 * space.
 *
 * @summary             hyperbolic tangent
 * @author              Stuart Wigley
 * @author              Randolph Fielding
 * @version             1.2, 08/08/03
 * @interface           <code>Math.tanh(fX)</code>
 * @param fX            a floating-point number
 * @return              the hyperbolic tangent of <code>fX</code>
 * @return              <code>null</code> if an exception is encountered
 * @throws              IllegalArgumentException
 * @throws              TypeMismatchException
 */
Math.tanh = function(fX) {
    try {
        var vError = null;
        var iNumArguments = arguments.length;
        if (iNumArguments != 1) {
            throw vError = new IllegalArgumentException("Math.tanh", 1, iNumArguments);
        }
        if (typeof fX != "number") {
            throw vError = new TypeMismatchException("Math.tanh", "number", typeof fX);
        }
        var fHypTangent = (Math.exp(fX) - Math.exp(-fX)) / (Math.exp(fX) + Math.exp(-fX));
    }
    catch (vError) {
        if (vError instanceof Error) {
            vError.handleError();
        }
    }
    finally {
        return vError ? null : fHypTangent;
    }
}

/**
 * Calculates and returns the versine of a number in 2D Cartesian space.
 *
 * @summary             versine
 * @author              Stuart Wigley
 * @author              Randolph Fielding
 * @version             1.2, 08/08/03
 * @interface           <code>Math.vers(fX)</code>
 * @param fX            a floating-point number
 * @return              the versine of <code>fX</code>
 * @return              <code>null</code> if an exception is encountered
 * @throws              IllegalArgumentException
 * @throws              TypeMismatchException
 */
Math.vers = function(fX) {
    try {
        var vError = null;
        var iNumArguments = arguments.length;
        if (iNumArguments != 1) {
            throw vError = new IllegalArgumentException("Math.vers", 1, iNumArguments);
        }
        if (typeof fX != "number") {
            throw vError = new TypeMismatchException("Math.vers", "number", typeof fX);
        }
        var fVersine = 1 - Math.cos(fX);
    }
    catch (vError) {
        if (vError instanceof Error) {
            vError.handleError();
        }
    }
    finally {
        return vError ? null : fVersine;
    }
}
        </script>        
        <script type="text/javascript">
            var oDebug = new Debug();
            var oTest = new Test();
        </script>
    </head>
    <body>
        <table>
            <tbody>
                <tr>
                    <td>Math.acosh()</td>
                    <td><input id="acosh1" name="input" type="text" size="5" /></td>
                    <td><input id="acosh" type="button" value="Calculate &gt;" onclick="oTest.evaluateMethod(this, "Math")" /></td>
                    <td><input id="acoshResult" name="output" type="text" size="30" readonly="readonly" /></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td>Math.acot()</td>
                    <td><input id="acot1" name="input" type="text" size="5" /></td>
                    <td><input id="acot" type="button" value="Calculate &gt;" onclick="oTest.evaluateMethod(this, "Math")" /></td>
                    <td><input id="acotResult" name="output" type="text" size="30" readonly="readonly" /></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td>Math.acoth()</td>
                    <td><input id="acoth1" name="input" type="text" size="5" /></td>
                    <td><input id="acoth" type="button" value="Calculate &gt;" onclick="oTest.evaluateMethod(this, "Math")" /></td>
                    <td><input id="acothResult" name="output" type="text" size="30" readonly="readonly" /></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td>Math.acsc()</td>
                    <td><input id="acsc1" name="input" type="text" size="5" /></td>
                    <td><input id="acsc" type="button" value="Calculate &gt;" onclick="oTest.evaluateMethod(this, "Math")" /></td>
                    <td><input id="acscResult" name="output" type="text" size="30" readonly="readonly" /></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td>Math.acsch()</td>
                    <td><input id="acsch1" name="input" type="text" size="5" /></td>
                    <td><input id="acsch" type="button" value="Calculate &gt;" onclick="oTest.evaluateMethod(this, "Math")" /></td>
                    <td><input id="acschResult" name="output" type="text" size="30" readonly="readonly" /></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td>Math.approx()</td>
                    <td>
                        <input id="approx1" name="input" type="text" size="5" />
                        <input id="approx2" name="input" type="text" size="5" />
                        <input id="approx3" name="input" type="text" size="5" />
                    </td>
                    <td><input id="approx" type="button" value="Calculate &gt;" onclick="oTest.evaluateMethod(this, "Math")" /></td>
                    <td><input id="approxResult" name="output" type="text" size="30" readonly="readonly" /></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td>Math.arg()</td>
                    <td>
                        <input id="arg1" name="input" type="text" size="5" />
                        <input id="arg2" name="input" type="text" size="5" />
                    </td>
                    <td><input id="arg" type="button" value="Calculate &gt;" onclick="oTest.evaluateMethod(this, "Math")" /></td>
                    <td><input id="argResult" name="output" type="text" size="30" readonly="readonly" /></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td>Math.asec()</td>
                    <td><input id="asec1" name="input" type="text" size="5" /></td>
                    <td><input id="asec" type="button" value="Calculate &gt;" onclick="oTest.evaluateMethod(this, "Math")" /></td>
                    <td><input id="asecResult" name="output" type="text" size="30" readonly="readonly" /></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td>Math.asech()</td>
                    <td><input id="asech1" name="input" type="text" size="5" /></td>
                    <td><input id="asech" type="button" value="Calculate &gt;" onclick="oTest.evaluateMethod(this, "Math")" /></td>
                    <td><input id="asechResult" name="output" type="text" size="30" readonly="readonly" /></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td>Math.asinh()</td>
                    <td><input id="asinh1" name="input" type="text" size="5" /></td>
                    <td><input id="asinh" type="button" value="Calculate &gt;" onclick="oTest.evaluateMethod(this, "Math")" /></td>
                    <td><input id="asinhResult" name="output" type="text" size="30" readonly="readonly" /></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td>Math.atanh()</td>
                    <td><input id="atanh1" name="input" type="text" size="5" /></td>
                    <td><input id="atanh" type="button" value="Calculate &gt;" onclick="oTest.evaluateMethod(this, "Math")" /></td>
                    <td><input id="atanhResult" name="output" type="text" size="30" readonly="readonly" /></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td>Math.baseConvert()</td>
                    <td>
                        <input id="baseConvert1" name="input" type="text" size="5" />
                        <input id="baseConvert2" name="input" type="text" size="5" />
                        <input id="baseConvert3" name="input" type="text" size="5" />
                    </td>
                    <td><input id="baseConvert" type="button" value="Calculate &gt;" onclick="oTest.evaluateMethod(this, "Math")" /></td>
                    <td><input id="baseConvertResult" name="output" type="text" size="30" readonly="readonly" /></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td>Math.bin2dec()</td>
                    <td><input id="bin2dec1" name="input" type="text" size="5" /></td>
                    <td><input id="bin2dec" type="button" value="Calculate &gt;" onclick="oTest.evaluateMethod(this, "Math")" /></td>
                    <td><input id="bin2decResult" name="output" type="text" size="30" readonly="readonly" /></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td>Math.bin2hex()</td>
                    <td><input id="bin2hex1" name="input" type="text" size="5" /></td>
                    <td><input id="bin2hex" type="button" value="Calculate &gt;" onclick="oTest.evaluateMethod(this, "Math")" /></td>
                    <td><input id="bin2hexResult" name="output" type="text" size="30" readonly="readonly" /></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td>Math.bin2oct()</td>
                    <td><input id="bin2oct1" name="input" type="text" size="5" /></td>
                    <td><input id="bin2oct" type="button" value="Calculate &gt;" onclick="oTest.evaluateMethod(this, "Math")" /></td>
                    <td><input id="bin2octResult" name="output" type="text" size="30" readonly="readonly" /></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td>Math.cosh()</td>
                    <td><input id="cosh1" name="input" type="text" size="5" /></td>
                    <td><input id="cosh" type="button" value="Calculate &gt;" onclick="oTest.evaluateMethod(this, "Math")" /></td>
                    <td><input id="coshResult" name="output" type="text" size="30" readonly="readonly" /></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td>Math.cot()</td>
                    <td><input id="cot1" name="input" type="text" size="5" /></td>
                    <td><input id="cot" type="button" value="Calculate &gt;" onclick="oTest.evaluateMethod(this, "Math")" /></td>
                    <td><input id="cotResult" name="output" type="text" size="30" readonly="readonly" /></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td>Math.coth()</td>
                    <td><input id="coth1" name="input" type="text" size="5" /></td>
                    <td><input id="coth" type="button" value="Calculate &gt;" onclick="oTest.evaluateMethod(this, "Math")" /></td>
                    <td><input id="cothResult" name="output" type="text" size="30" readonly="readonly" /></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td>Math.cov()</td>
                    <td><input id="cov1" name="input" type="text" size="5" /></td>
                    <td><input id="cov" type="button" value="Calculate &gt;" onclick="oTest.evaluateMethod(this, "Math")" /></td>
                    <td><input id="covResult" name="output" type="text" size="30" readonly="readonly" /></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td>Math.csc()</td>
                    <td><input id="csc1" name="input" type="text" size="5" /></td>
                    <td><input id="csc" type="button" value="Calculate &gt;" onclick="oTest.evaluateMethod(this, "Math")" /></td>
                    <td><input id="cscResult" name="output" type="text" size="30" readonly="readonly" /></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td>Math.csch()</td>
                    <td><input id="csch1" name="input" type="text" size="5" /></td>
                    <td><input id="csch" type="button" value="Calculate &gt;" onclick="oTest.evaluateMethod(this, "Math")" /></td>
                    <td><input id="cschResult" name="output" type="text" size="30" readonly="readonly" /></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td>Math.dec2bin()</td>
                    <td><input id="dec2bin1" name="input" type="text" size="5" /></td>
                    <td><input id="dec2bin" type="button" value="Calculate &gt;" onclick="oTest.evaluateMethod(this, "Math")" /></td>
                    <td><input id="dec2binResult" name="output" type="text" size="30" readonly="readonly" /></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td>Math.dec2hex()</td>
                    <td><input id="dec2hex1" name="input" type="text" size="5" /></td>
                    <td><input id="dec2hex" type="button" value="Calculate &gt;" onclick="oTest.evaluateMethod(this, "Math")" /></td>
                    <td><input id="dec2hexResult" name="output" type="text" size="30" readonly="readonly" /></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td>Math.dec2oct()</td>
                    <td><input id="dec2oct1" name="input" type="text" size="5" /></td>
                    <td><input id="dec2oct" type="button" value="Calculate &gt;" onclick="oTest.evaluateMethod(this, "Math")" /></td>
                    <td><input id="dec2octResult" name="output" type="text" size="30" readonly="readonly" /></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td>Math.deg2grad()</td>
                    <td><input id="deg2grad1" name="input" type="text" size="5" /></td>
                    <td><input id="deg2grad" type="button" value="Calculate &gt;" onclick="oTest.evaluateMethod(this, "Math")" /></td>
                    <td><input id="deg2gradResult" name="output" type="text" size="30" readonly="readonly" /></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td>Math.deg2rad()</td>
                    <td><input id="deg2rad1" name="input" type="text" size="5" /></td>
                    <td><input id="deg2rad" type="button" value="Calculate &gt;" onclick="oTest.evaluateMethod(this, "Math")" /></td>
                    <td><input id="deg2radResult" name="output" type="text" size="30" readonly="readonly" /></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td>Math.exp10()</td>
                    <td><input id="exp101" name="input" type="text" size="5" /></td>
                    <td><input id="exp10" type="button" value="Calculate &gt;" onclick="oTest.evaluateMethod(this, "Math")" /></td>
                    <td><input id="exp10Result" name="output" type="text" size="30" readonly="readonly" /></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td>Math.expm1()</td>
                    <td><input id="expm11" name="input" type="text" size="5" /></td>
                    <td><input id="expm1" type="button" value="Calculate &gt;" onclick="oTest.evaluateMethod(this, "Math")" /></td>
                    <td><input id="expm1Result" name="output" type="text" size="30" readonly="readonly" /></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td>Math.exsec()</td>
                    <td><input id="exsec1" name="input" type="text" size="5" /></td>
                    <td><input id="exsec" type="button" value="Calculate &gt;" onclick="oTest.evaluateMethod(this, "Math")" /></td>
                    <td><input id="exsecResult" name="output" type="text" size="30" readonly="readonly" /></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td>Math.fibonacci()</td>
                    <td><input id="fibonacci1" name="input" type="text" size="5" /></td>
                    <td><input id="fibonacci" type="button" value="Calculate &gt;" onclick="oTest.evaluateMethod(this, "Math")" /></td>
                    <td><input id="fibonacciResult" name="output" type="text" size="30" readonly="readonly" /></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td>Math.fmod()</td>
                    <td>
                        <input id="fmod1" name="input" type="text" size="5" />
                        <input id="fmod2" name="input" type="text" size="5" />
                    </td>
                    <td><input id="fmod" type="button" value="Calculate &gt;" onclick="oTest.evaluateMethod(this, "Math")" /></td>
                    <td><input id="fmodResult" name="output" type="text" size="30" readonly="readonly" /></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td>Math.gd()</td>
                    <td><input id="gd1" name="input" type="text" size="5" /></td>
                    <td><input id="gd" type="button" value="Calculate &gt;" onclick="oTest.evaluateMethod(this, "Math")" /></td>
                    <td><input id="gdResult" name="output" type="text" size="30" readonly="readonly" /></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td>Math.grad2deg()</td>
                    <td><input id="grad2deg1" name="input" type="text" size="5" /></td>
                    <td><input id="grad2deg" type="button" value="Calculate &gt;" onclick="oTest.evaluateMethod(this, "Math")" /></td>
                    <td><input id="grad2degResult" name="output" type="text" size="30" readonly="readonly" /></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td>Math.grad2rad()</td>
                    <td><input id="grad2rad1" name="input" type="text" size="5" /></td>
                    <td><input id="grad2rad" type="button" value="Calculate &gt;" onclick="oTest.evaluateMethod(this, "Math")" /></td>
                    <td><input id="grad2radResult" name="output" type="text" size="30" readonly="readonly" /></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td>Math.hav()</td>
                    <td><input id="hav1" name="input" type="text" size="5" /></td>
                    <td><input id="hav" type="button" value="Calculate &gt;" onclick="oTest.evaluateMethod(this, "Math")" /></td>
                    <td><input id="havResult" name="output" type="text" size="30" readonly="readonly" /></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td>Math.hex2bin()</td>
                    <td><input id="hex2bin1" name="input" type="text" size="5" /></td>
                    <td><input id="hex2bin" type="button" value="Calculate &gt;" onclick="oTest.evaluateMethod(this, "Math")" /></td>
                    <td><input id="hex2binResult" name="output" type="text" size="30" readonly="readonly" /></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td>Math.hex2dec()</td>
                    <td><input id="hex2dec1" name="input" type="text" size="5" /></td>
                    <td><input id="hex2dec" type="button" value="Calculate &gt;" onclick="oTest.evaluateMethod(this, "Math")" /></td>
                    <td><input id="hex2decResult" name="output" type="text" size="30" readonly="readonly" /></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td>Math.hex2oct()</td>
                    <td><input id="hex2oct1" name="input" type="text" size="5" /></td>
                    <td><input id="hex2oct" type="button" value="Calculate &gt;" onclick="oTest.evaluateMethod(this, "Math")" /></td>
                    <td><input id="hex2octResult" name="output" type="text" size="30" readonly="readonly" /></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td>Math.hypot()</td>
                    <td>
                        <input id="hypot1" name="input" type="text" size="5" />
                        <input id="hypot2" name="input" type="text" size="5" />
                    </td>
                    <td><input id="hypot" type="button" value="Calculate &gt;" onclick="oTest.evaluateMethod(this, "Math")" /></td>
                    <td><input id="hypotResult" name="output" type="text" size="30" readonly="readonly" /></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td>Math.isEven()</td>
                    <td><input id="isEven1" name="input" type="text" size="5" /></td>
                    <td><input id="isEven" type="button" value="Calculate &gt;" onclick="oTest.evaluateMethod(this, "Math")" /></td>
                    <td><input id="isEvenResult" name="output" type="text" size="30" readonly="readonly" /></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td>Math.isOdd()</td>
                    <td><input id="isOdd1" name="input" type="text" size="5" /></td>
                    <td><input id="isOdd" type="button" value="Calculate &gt;" onclick="oTest.evaluateMethod(this, "Math")" /></td>
                    <td><input id="isOddResult" name="output" type="text" size="30" readonly="readonly" /></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td>Math.isPrime()</td>
                    <td><input id="isPrime1" name="input" type="text" size="5" /></td>
                    <td><input id="isPrime" type="button" value="Calculate &gt;" onclick="oTest.evaluateMethod(this, "Math")" /></td>
                    <td><input id="isPrimeResult" name="output" type="text" size="30" readonly="readonly" /></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td>Math.log10()</td>
                    <td><input id="log101" name="input" type="text" size="5" /></td>
                    <td><input id="log10" type="button" value="Calculate &gt;" onclick="oTest.evaluateMethod(this, "Math")" /></td>
                    <td><input id="log10Result" name="output" type="text" size="30" readonly="readonly" /></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td>Math.log2()</td>
                    <td><input id="log21" name="input" type="text" size="5" /></td>
                    <td><input id="log2" type="button" value="Calculate &gt;" onclick="oTest.evaluateMethod(this, "Math")" /></td>
                    <td><input id="log2Result" name="output" type="text" size="30" readonly="readonly" /></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td>Math.log1p()</td>
                    <td><input id="log1p1" name="input" type="text" size="5" /></td>
                    <td><input id="log1p" type="button" value="Calculate &gt;" onclick="oTest.evaluateMethod(this, "Math")" /></td>
                    <td><input id="log1pResult" name="output" type="text" size="30" readonly="readonly" /></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td>Math.logn()</td>
                    <td>
                        <input id="logn1" name="input" type="text" size="5" />
                        <input id="logn2" name="input" type="text" size="5" />
                    </td>
                    <td><input id="logn" type="button" value="Calculate &gt;" onclick="oTest.evaluateMethod(this, "Math")" /></td>
                    <td><input id="lognResult" name="output" type="text" size="30" readonly="readonly" /></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td>Math.luhn()</td>
                    <td><input id="luhn1" name="input" type="text" size="5" /></td>
                    <td><input id="luhn" type="button" value="Calculate &gt;" onclick="oTest.evaluateMethod(this, "Math")" /></td>
                    <td><input id="luhnResult" name="output" type="text" size="30" readonly="readonly" /></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td>Math.oct2bin()</td>
                    <td><input id="oct2bin1" name="input" type="text" size="5" /></td>
                    <td><input id="oct2bin" type="button" value="Calculate &gt;" onclick="oTest.evaluateMethod(this, "Math")" /></td>
                    <td><input id="oct2binResult" name="output" type="text" size="30" readonly="readonly" /></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td>Math.oct2dec()</td>
                    <td><input id="oct2dec1" name="input" type="text" size="5" /></td>
                    <td><input id="oct2dec" type="button" value="Calculate &gt;" onclick="oTest.evaluateMethod(this, "Math")" /></td>
                    <td><input id="oct2decResult" name="output" type="text" size="30" readonly="readonly" /></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td>Math.oct2hex()</td>
                    <td><input id="oct2hex1" name="input" type="text" size="5" /></td>
                    <td><input id="oct2hex" type="button" value="Calculate &gt;" onclick="oTest.evaluateMethod(this, "Math")" /></td>
                    <td><input id="oct2hexResult" name="output" type="text" size="30" readonly="readonly" /></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td>Math.pi()</td>
                    <td><input id="pi1" name="input" type="text" size="5" /></td>
                    <td><input id="pi" type="button" value="Calculate &gt;" onclick="oTest.evaluateMethod(this, "Math")" /></td>
                    <td><input id="piResult" name="output" type="text" size="30" readonly="readonly" /></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td>Math.rad2deg()</td>
                    <td><input id="rad2deg1" name="input" type="text" size="5" /></td>
                    <td><input id="rad2deg" type="button" value="Calculate &gt;" onclick="oTest.evaluateMethod(this, "Math")" /></td>
                    <td><input id="rad2degResult" name="output" type="text" size="30" readonly="readonly" /></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td>Math.rad2grad()</td>
                    <td><input id="rad2grad1" name="input" type="text" size="5" /></td>
                    <td><input id="rad2grad" type="button" value="Calculate &gt;" onclick="oTest.evaluateMethod(this, "Math")" /></td>
                    <td><input id="rad2gradResult" name="output" type="text" size="30" readonly="readonly" /></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td>Math.sec()</td>
                    <td><input id="sec1" name="input" type="text" size="5" /></td>
                    <td><input id="sec" type="button" value="Calculate &gt;" onclick="oTest.evaluateMethod(this, "Math")" /></td>
                    <td><input id="secResult" name="output" type="text" size="30" readonly="readonly" /></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td>Math.sech()</td>
                    <td><input id="sech1" name="input" type="text" size="5" /></td>
                    <td><input id="sech" type="button" value="Calculate &gt;" onclick="oTest.evaluateMethod(this, "Math")" /></td>
                    <td><input id="sechResult" name="output" type="text" size="30" readonly="readonly" /></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td>Math.sigmoid()</td>
                    <td><input id="sigmoid1" name="input" type="text" size="5" /></td>
                    <td><input id="sigmoid" type="button" value="Calculate &gt;" onclick="oTest.evaluateMethod(this, "Math")" /></td>
                    <td><input id="sigmoidResult" name="output" type="text" size="30" readonly="readonly" /></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td>Math.sign()</td>
                    <td><input id="sign1" name="input" type="text" size="5" /></td>
                    <td><input id="sign" type="button" value="Calculate &gt;" onclick="oTest.evaluateMethod(this, "Math")" /></td>
                    <td><input id="signResult" name="output" type="text" size="30" readonly="readonly" /></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td>Math.sinc()</td>
                    <td><input id="sinc1" name="input" type="text" size="5" /></td>
                    <td><input id="sinc" type="button" value="Calculate &gt;" onclick="oTest.evaluateMethod(this, "Math")" /></td>
                    <td><input id="sincResult" name="output" type="text" size="30" readonly="readonly" /></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td>Math.sinh()</td>
                    <td><input id="sinh1" name="input" type="text" size="5" /></td>
                    <td><input id="sinh" type="button" value="Calculate &gt;" onclick="oTest.evaluateMethod(this, "Math")" /></td>
                    <td><input id="sinhResult" name="output" type="text" size="30" readonly="readonly" /></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td>Math.sq()</td>
                    <td><input id="sq1" name="input" type="text" size="5" /></td>
                    <td><input id="sq" type="button" value="Calculate &gt;" onclick="oTest.evaluateMethod(this, "Math")" /></td>
                    <td><input id="sqResult" name="output" type="text" size="30" readonly="readonly" /></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td>Math.tanc()</td>
                    <td><input id="tanc1" name="input" type="text" size="5" /></td>
                    <td><input id="tanc" type="button" value="Calculate &gt;" onclick="oTest.evaluateMethod(this, "Math")" /></td>
                    <td><input id="tancResult" name="output" type="text" size="30" readonly="readonly" /></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td>Math.tanh()</td>
                    <td><input id="tanh1" name="input" type="text" size="5" /></td>
                    <td><input id="tanh" type="button" value="Calculate &gt;" onclick="oTest.evaluateMethod(this, "Math")" /></td>
                    <td><input id="tanhResult" name="output" type="text" size="30" readonly="readonly" /></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td>Math.vers()</td>
                    <td><input id="vers1" name="input" type="text" size="5" /></td>
                    <td><input id="vers" type="button" value="Calculate &gt;" onclick="oTest.evaluateMethod(this, "Math")" /></td>
                    <td><input id="versResult" name="output" type="text" size="30" readonly="readonly" /></td>
                </tr>
            </tbody>
        </table>
    </body>
</html>



Math.max(inp1, inp2, inp3)

  
<html>
<head>
<title>A Simple Page</title>
<script language="JavaScript">
inp1 = 1;
inp2 = 2;
inp3 = 3;
alert("The largest number entered was " + Math.max(inp1, inp2, inp3));
alert("The smallest number entered was " + Math.min(inp1, inp2, inp3));
</script>
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>



Math.min(inp1, inp2, inp3)

  
<html>
<head>
<title>A Simple Page</title>
<script language="JavaScript">
inp1 = 1;
inp2 = 2;
inp3 = 3;
alert("The largest number entered was " + Math.max(inp1, inp2, inp3));
alert("The smallest number entered was " + Math.min(inp1, inp2, inp3));
</script>
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>



Math Object Property Summaries

  

Math                    Description                   Approximate Value 
Properties 
E                       Euler"s constant              2.718281828459045091 
LN10                    Natural logarithm of 10       2.302585092994045901 
LN2                     Natural logarithm of 2        0.6931471805599452862 
LOG10E                  Base 10 logarithm of E        0.4342944819032518167 
LOG2E                   Base 2 logarithm of E         1.442695040888963387 
PI                      PI                            3.141592653589793116 
SQRT1_2                 Square root of 1/2            0.7071067811865475727 
SQRT2                   Square root of 2              1.414213562373095145



Math.random()

  
<html>
<head>
<title>A Simple Page</title>
<script language="JavaScript">
alert(Math.random());
</script>
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>



Math.round(rndNum)

  

<html>
<head>
<title>A Simple Page</title>
<script language="JavaScript">
rndNum = Math.random();
rndNum = rndNum * 10;
alert(Math.round(rndNum));
</script>
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>



Math Round: round a number to the nearest whole number

  

<html>
<body>
<script type="text/javascript">
    document.write(Math.round(7.25))
</script>
</body>
</html>



Max number: get max number from two inputs

  
<html>
<body>
<script type="text/javascript">
    document.write(Math.max(2,4))
</script>
</body>
</html>



Min number: get the min number from two inputs

  
<html>
<body>
<script type="text/javascript">
    document.write(Math.min(2,4))
</script>
</body>
</html>



Parenthesis for math statement

  
<html>
<head>
<title>A Simple Page</title>
<script language="JavaScript">
alert(3 - 1 * 6);
alert((3 - 1) * 6);
</script>
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>



Using the const Keyword (Firefox only)

  
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>const(ant)</TITLE>
<SCRIPT LANGUAGE="JavaScript">
const FREEZING_F = 32
var cities = ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"]
var tempsF = [3, 1, 2, 4, 5]
function showData() {
    var tableData = ""
    for (var i = 0; i < cities.length; i++) {
        tableData += "<TR><TD>" + cities[i] + "</TD><TD "
        tableData += (tempsF[i] < FREEZING_F) ? "CLASS="cold"" : ""
        tableData += ">" + tempsF[i] + "</TR>"
    }
    document.getElementById("display").innerHTML = tableData
}
</SCRIPT>
</HEAD>
<BODY onLoad="showData()">
<H1>The const keyword</H1>
<HR>
<TABLE ID="temps">
<TR><TH>City<TH>Temperature</TR>
<TBODY ID="display">
</TBODY>
</TABLE>
</BODY>
</HTML>



Using the Math Object

  
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>Using the Math Object</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<H1>Using the Math Object</H1>
<SCRIPT LANGUAGE="JavaScript"><!--
document.write(Math.PI+"<BR>")
document.write(Math.E+"<BR>")
document.write(Math.ceil(1.234)+"<BR>")
document.write(Math.random()+"<BR>")
document.write(Math.sin(Math.PI/2)+"<BR>")
document.write(Math.min(100,1000)+"<BR>")
// --></SCRIPT>
</BODY>
</HTML>